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Memnon

For other uses, see Memnon (disambiguation).
Etruscan Bronze Mirror Detail: Memnun (Memnon) in the battle against Achle (Achilles). The Etruscans wrote right to left, and many of the Greek letters are reversed in orientation.Date: ca. 450–420 BCE; Assession number: 22.139.84.

Memnon (/ˈmɛmnən/) is a prominent heroic figure. In Ancient Greek: Μέμνων means 'resolute'.[1] The Roman's named him son of Aurora/(Dawn). The Etruscans called the two Thesan and Memnun. Memnon was Mythical, semi-devine, and Eithiopian (Αἰθίοψ).

Attributed to the Three Line Group, Greek, Attic, Neck-Amphora Featuring Herakles and King Memnon (detail), 530—520 BCE, terracotta, black-figure, H. 16 ½ — Diam. 12 ¼ in., Purchased with funds from the North Carolina State Art Society (Robert F. Phifer Bequest) North Carolina Museum of Art

Memnon was a king of Aethiopia and son of Tithonus and Eos. Being the son of Tithonus he was a descendant of Tros, and nephew of King Priam of Troy.

Being the son of Eos further associates Memnon with the sun, being the grandson of Helios.[2] As a warrior he was considered to be Achilles' equal in skill. During the Trojan War, he brought an army to Troy's defense and killed Antilochus, Nestor's son, during a fierce battle. Nestor challenged Memnon to a fight, but Memnon refused, being there was little honor in killing the aged man. Nestor then pleaded with Achilles to avenge his son's death. Despite warnings that soon after Memnon fell so too would Achilles, the two men fought. Memnon drew blood from Achilles, but Achilles drove his spear through Memnon's chest, sending the Aethiopian army running. The death of Memnon echoes that of Hector, another defender of Troy whom Achilles also killed out of revenge for a fallen comrade, Patroclus.

After Memnon's death, Zeus was moved by Eos' tears and granted him immortality. Memnon's death is related at length in the lost epic Aethiopis,[3] likely composed after The Iliad, circa the 7th century BC. Quintus of Smyrna records Memnon's death in Posthomerica. His death is also described in Philostratus' Imagines.

Dictys Cretensis, author of a pseudo-chronicle of the Trojan War, writes that "Memnon, the son of Tithonus and Aurora, arrived with a large army of Indians and Aethiopians, a truly remarkable army which consisted of thousands and thousands of men with various kinds of arms, and surpassed the hopes and prayers even of Priam."[4][5]

  1. ^ Memnon Entry on Logeion: A Digitized Database of Greek Lexica. The University of Chicago. July 10, 2024.
  2. ^ "HESIOD, THEOGONY - Theoi Classical Texts Library". www.theoi.com. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
  3. ^ Rengakos, Antonios (5 August 2015). "Aethiopis". Aethiopis: Published online by Cambridge University Press. Cambridge University Press. pp. 306–317. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511998409.019. ISBN 978-0-511-99840-9. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  4. ^ "digilibLT – Ephemeris belli Troiani". digilibLT. Retrieved 2022-10-02.
  5. ^ "Dictys Cretensis 4.4". Theoi Project: a site exploring Greek mythology and the gods in classical literature and art. 2000. Retrieved July 10, 2024.

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