Punjabi | |
---|---|
| |
![]() 'Punjabi' written in Shahmukhi script (top) and Gurmukhi script used in (bottom) | |
Pronunciation | [pəɲˈdʒab̆.bi] |
Native to | Pakistan and India |
Region | Punjab |
Ethnicity | Punjabis |
Native speakers | 157 million (2011–2023)[a] |
Early forms | |
Standard forms | |
Dialects |
|
Historical | |
Punjab–Sindh Sign Language | |
Official status | |
Official language in | |
Regulated by | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-1 | pa |
ISO 639-2 | pan |
ISO 639-3 | pan |
Glottolog | lahn1241 |
Linguasphere | 59-AAF-e |
![]() Geographic distribution of Punjabi language in Pakistan and India. | |
Part of a series on |
Punjabis |
---|
![]() |
![]() Punjab portal |
Punjabi,[k] sometimes spelled Panjabi,[l] is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Punjab region of South Asia, corresponding to present-day Pakistan and India. Predominantly spoken by the Punjabi people, it is one of the most widely spoken native languages in the world with approximately 157 million native speakers.[16][m]
Punjabi is the most widely-spoken first language in Pakistan, with 123.8 million native speakers[n] according to the 2023 Pakistani census, and the 11th most widely-spoken in India, with 31.1 million native speakers, according to the 2011 census. It is spoken among a significant overseas diaspora, particularly in Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, and the Gulf states.
In Pakistan, Punjabi is written using the Shahmukhi alphabet, based on the Perso-Arabic script; in India, it is written using the Gurmukhi alphabet, based on the Indic scripts. Punjabi is unusual among the Indo-Aryan languages and the broader Indo-European language family in its usage of lexical tone.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha>
tags or {{efn}}
templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
template or {{notelist}}
template (see the help page).
The age of Old Punjabi: up to 1600 A.D. […] It is said that evidence of Old Punjabi can be found in the Granth Sahib.
Bhatia-2013
was invoked but never defined (see the help page).Surpassing them all in the frequent subtlety of his linguistic choices, including the use of dialect forms as well as of frequent loanwords from Sanskrit and Persian, Guru Nanak combined this poetic language of the Sants with his native Old Punjabi. It is this mixture of Old Punjabi and Old Hindi which constitutes the core idiom of all the earlier Gurus.
© MMXXIII Rich X Search. We shall prevail. All rights reserved. Rich X Search