This template is used to cite online sources in Wikipedia articles. {{Cite news}} can also be used when citing a news source; for general information about citations in Wikipedia articles, see Wikipedia:Cite sources. A general discussion of the use of templates for adding citations to Wikipedia articles is available at Wikipedia:Citation templates.
Citations within a page should use consistent formats. However, there is no consensus about which format is best. The following examples are for citations where one or more authors are listed in a single |author=authors
parameter, using any format. Also shown below are two separate date formats that are commonly used in Wikipedia:
{{cite web |url= |title= |author= |date= |work= |publisher= |accessdate=26 Awst 2024}}
{{cite web |url= |title= |author= |date= |work= |publisher= |accessdate=Awst 26, 2024}}
The examples hereafter will suffice for up to two authors each with first and last names; for more, just create more parameters in a similar style:
{{cite web |url= |title= |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |work= |publisher= |accessdate=26 Awst 2024}}
{{cite web |url= |title= |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |work= |publisher= |accessdate=Awst 26, 2024}}
When copying all parameters in either the vertical or horizontal layouts, delete those which are not needed. None of the parameters should be capitalised, or the template will not work as intended. For example, use "url", "title", etc. - not "URL", "Title", etc.
{{cite web |url= |title= |first= |last= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |month= |year= |work= |publisher= |location= |page= |pages= |at= |language= |trans_title= |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doibroken= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc = |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |deadurl= |accessdate= |quote= |ref= |separator= |postscript=}}
All parameters, vertical layout |
Common parameters, vertical layout, multiple authors |
Common parameters, vertical layout, single author |
---|---|---|
{{cite web | url = | title = | first = | last = | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | month = | year = | work = | publisher = | location = | page = | pages = | at = | language = | trans_title = | format = | arxiv = | asin = | bibcode = | doi = | doibroken = | isbn = | issn = | jfm = | jstor = | lccn = | mr = | oclc = | ol = | osti = | pmc = | pmid = | rfc = | ssrn = | zbl = | id = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | deadurl = | accessdate = | quote = | ref = | separator = | postscript = }} |
{{cite web | url = | title = | last1 = | first1 = | last2 = | first2 = | date = | work = | publisher = | accessdate = }} |
{{cite web | url = | title = | author = | date = | work = | publisher = | accessdate = }} |
{{cite web
|url=http://www.example.org/
|title=My Favorite Things, Part II
|author=Doe, John
|publisher=Open Publishing
|date=30 April 2005
|work=Encyclopedia of Things
|accessdate=6 July 2005
}}
{{cite web
|url=http://www.example.org/
|title=My Favorite Things, Part II
|author=Doe, John
|date=30 April 2005
|work=Encyclopedia of Things
|accessdate=6 July 2005
}}
{{cite web
|url=http://www.example.org/
|title=My Favorite Things, Part II
|author=Doe, John
|date=30 April 2005
|accessdate=6 July 2005
}}
{{cite web
|url=http://www.example.org/
|title=My Favorite Things, Part II
|author=Doe, John
|accessdate=6 July 2005
}}
{{cite web
|url=http://www.example.org/
|title=My Favorite Things, Part II
|accessdate=6 July 2005
}}
{{cite web
|url=http://www.nfl.com/rulebook/digestofrules
|title=Digest of Rules
|publisher=National Football League
|accessdate=6 July 2005
}}
{{cite web
|url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf
|title=List of psychotropic substances under international control
|publisher=International Narcotics Control Board
|format=PDF
|accessdate=6 July 2005
}}
{{cite web
|url=http://www.example.org/
|title=Honni soit qui mal y pense
|author=Joliet, François
|date=30 April 2005
|accessdate=6 July 2005
|language=French
|trans_title=Shame on those who think evil
}}
|trans_title=
ignored (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link){{cite web
|url=http://www.example.org/
|title=My Favorite Things, Part II
|author=Doe, John
|authorlink=John Doe
|publisher=Open Publishing
|date=30 April 2005
|work=Encyclopedia of Things
|accessdate=6 July 2005
}}
{{cite web
|url=http://www.example.org/
|title=Our Favorite Things
|first=John
|last=Doe
|coauthors=Smith, Peter; Smythe, Jim
|publisher=Open Publishing
|date=30 April 2005
|work=Encyclopedia of Things
|accessdate=16 May 2006
}}
|coauthors=
ignored (help){{cite web
|url=http://www.example.org/
|title=Our Favorite Things
|first=John
|last=Doe
|coauthors=Peter Smith; Jim Smythe
|publisher=Open Publishing
|date=30 April 2005
|work=Encyclopedia of Things
|accessdate=16 May 2006
}}
|coauthors=
ignored (help){{cite web
|url=http://www.example.org/
|title=Index of Sharp Things
|publisher=Open Publishing
|date=30 April 2005
|work=Encyclopedia of Things
|accessdate=16 May 2006
}}
This abbreviated format should only be used when the editor cannot determine the publisher and author.
{{cite web
|url=http://www.example.org/
|title=Index of Sharp Things
|date=30 April 2005
|work=Encyclopedia of Things
|accessdate=6 July 2005}}
{{cite web
|url=http://www.example.org/
|title=Index of Sharp Things
|date=30 April 2005
|accessdate=6 July 2005}}
{{cite web
|url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf
|title=List of psychotropic substances under international control
|date=30 April 2005
|format=PDF
|accessdate=6 July 2005
|language=Greek
}}
{{cite web
|url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf
|title=List of psychotropic substances under international control
|date=30 April 2005
|format=PDF
|accessdate=6 July 2005
|archiveurl=http://www.archive.org/2005-09-11/www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf
|archivedate=11 September 2005
}}
{{cite web
|url=http://joanjettbadrep.com/cgi-bin/fullStory.cgi?archive=currnews&story=20060405-01shore.htm
|title=Interview with Maggie Downs
|date=31 March 2006
|publisher=The Desert Sun
|archiveurl=http://72.14.207.104/search?q=cache:JAxf4v-pQmgJ:joanjettbadrep.com/cgi-bin/fullStory.cgi%3Farchive%3Dcurrnews%26story%3D20060405-01shore.htm
|archivedate=26 April 2006
|deadurl=no
}}
|deadurl=
ignored (help){{Cite web
|url=http://www.wunderground.com/global/stations/03772.html
|title=London, United Kingdom Forecast : Weather Underground (weather and elevation at Heathrow Airport)
|publisher=The Weather Underground, Inc.
|accessdate=6 June 2008
|ref=harv
| archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5yo0HaAk7 |archivedate=19 May 2011| deadurl=no
}}
|deadurl=
ignored (help)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link){{cite web
|url=http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/c.html
|title=Daylight saving time: rationale and original idea
|work=WebExhibits
|year=2008
|accessdate=27 September 2009
|quote=... Lord Balfour came forward with a unique concern: 'Supposing some unfortunate lady was confined with twins ...'
}}
... Lord Balfour came forward with a unique concern: 'Supposing some unfortunate lady was confined with twins ...'
Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:
This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata; see Wikipedia:COinS.
By default, sets of fields are terminated with a period (.); this can be an issue when the last field in an abbreviation or initial with a period, as two periods then display. The only solution is to not include the last period in the value for the set of fields.
newline | [ | ] | | |
---|---|---|---|
space | [ | ] | | |
|template doc demo=true
to disable categorization; mainly used for documentation where the error is demonstrated.Nodyn:Citation Style documentation/work
|deadurl=no
. This changes the display order with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end.|template doc demo=true
to disable categorization; mainly used for documentation where the error is demonstrated.http://
and https://
will be supported by all browsers; irc://
, ircs://
, ftp://
, news:
, mailto:
and gopher://
will require a plugin or an external application and should normally be avoided. IPv6 host-names are currently not supported.%20
. To encode the URL, replace these characters:sp | " | ' | < | > | [ | ] | | | } |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
%20 | %22 | %27 | %3c | %3e | %5b | %5d | %7c | %7d |
Nodyn:Citation Style documentation/others
|origyear=First published 1859
or |origyear=Composed 1904
.co.jp
, co.uk
, ca
, cn
, fr
, de
, it
, es
10.
; if not an error shows and the page is placed in Category:Pages with DOI errors.
|isbn=0812695-93-3
.p.
unless |nopp=y
.pp.
unless |nopp=y
.
p.
or pp.
notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where |page=Front cover
.|page=
or |pages=
.|ref=ID
generates an anchor with the given ID (the id
attribute in the citation's <cite id="ID">
HTML tag). Setting |ref=ID
identifies the template as a target and allows wikilinking to full references, especially useful with short-form citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing. The special value |ref=harv
generates an anchor identifier suitable for use with {{sfn}} and {{harv}} templates. When |mode=cs2
defaults to |ref=harv
. See Template:Citation/doc § Anchors for Harvard referencing templates.<references />
or similar as there is no control as to the order that references will display.|display-authors=2
for only two authors. The "et al." may be suppressed altogether by setting |display-authors=9
.This template produces COinS metadata; see COinS in Wikipedia for background information.
Mae'n fformatio'r cyfeiriad i wefan gan ddefnyddio'r wybodaeth a ddarperir ee URL a theitl. Dylid ei defnyddio ar gyfer ffynonellau pan na ellir defnyddio Nodion eraill ee llyfr, cylchgrawn, newyddion ayb.
Paramedr | Disgrifiad | Math | Statws | |
---|---|---|---|---|
URL | url URL | The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type "http://..." or maybe even the protocol relative scheme "//..."
| Llinyn | angenrheidiol |
Teitl | title | The title of the source page on the website; will display with quotation marks added. Usually found at the top of you web browser. Not the name of the website. | Llinyn | angenrheidiol |
Source date | date | Full date when the source was published; if unknown, use access-date instead; do not wikilink | Dyddiad | suggested |
URL access date | access-date accessdate | The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink | Dyddiad | suggested |
Gwefan | website work | Name of the website; may be wikilinked; will display in italics. Having both 'Publisher' and 'Website' is redundant in most cases
| Llinyn | suggested |
Publisher | publisher | Name of the publisher; may be wikilinked. Having both 'Publisher' and 'Website' is redundant in most cases.
| Llinyn | dewisol |
Cyfenw | last last1 author author1 author1-last author-last surname1 author-last1 subject1 surname author-last subject | The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors | Llinell | suggested |
Enw cyntaf | first given author-first first1 given1 author-first1 author1-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors | Llinell | suggested |
Author link | authorlink author-link subjectlink subject-link authorlink1 author-link1 author1-link subjectlink1 author1link subject-link1 subject1-link subject1link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors | Page name | dewisol |
Last name 2 | last2 author2 | The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink2'. | Llinell | dewisol |
First name 2 | first2 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink. | Llinell | dewisol |
Author link 2 | authorlink2 author2-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author. | Page name | dewisol |
Year of publication | year | Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known | Llinyn | dewisol |
Original year | origyear | Original year of publication; provide specifics | Llinyn | dewisol |
Editor last name | editor-last editor1-last editor editors | The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors. | Llinell | dewisol |
Editor first name | editor-first editor1-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-first' | Llinell | dewisol |
Editor link | editor-link editor1-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors | Page name | dewisol |
Series identifier | series | Series identifier when the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal | Llinyn | dewisol |
Location of publication | location | Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place; alias of 'place' | Llinyn | dewisol |
Publication date | publication-date | Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink | Llinyn | dewisol |
Page | page | Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.' | Llinyn | dewisol |
Pages | pages | Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.' | Llinyn | dewisol |
No pp | nopp | Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover') | Llinyn | dewisol |
At | at | May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient | Llinyn | dewisol |
Language | language | The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name; do not use icons or templates | Llinyn | dewisol |
Translated title | trans-title trans_title | An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended | Llinyn | dewisol |
Format | format | Format of the work referred to by 'url'; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML | Llinyn | dewisol |
arXiv identifier | arxiv | An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers | Llinyn | dewisol |
ASIN | asin | Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters | Llinyn | dewisol |
ASIN TLD | asin-tld | ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US | Llinyn | dewisol |
Bibcode | bibcode | Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters | Llinyn | dewisol |
DOI | doi | Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.' | Llinyn | dewisol |
DOI broken date | doi-broken-date | The date that the DOI was determined to be broken | Llinyn | dewisol |
ISBN | isbn | International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible | Llinyn | dewisol |
ISSN | issn | International Standard Serial Number; 8 characters; may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen | Llinyn | dewisol |
jfm code | jfm | Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code | Llinyn | dewisol |
JSTOR | jstor | JSTOR identifier | Llinyn | dewisol |
LCCN | lccn | Library of Congress Control Number | Llinyn | dewisol |
MR | mr | Mathematical Reviews identifier | Llinyn | dewisol |
OCLC | oclc | Online Computer Library Center number | Llinyn | dewisol |
OL | ol | Open Library identifier | Llinyn | dewisol |
OSTI | osti | Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier | Llinyn | dewisol |
PMC | pmc | PubMed Center article number | Llinyn | dewisol |
PMID | pmid | PubMed Unique Identifier | Llinyn | dewisol |
RFC | rfc | Request for Comments number | Llinyn | dewisol |
SSRN | ssrn | Social Science Research Network | Llinyn | dewisol |
Zbl | zbl | Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier | Llinyn | dewisol |
id | id | A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable | Llinyn | dewisol |
Archive URL | archiveurl | The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archive-date' | Llinyn | suggested |
Archive date | archivedate | Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink | Llinyn | suggested |
Dead URL | deadurl | If set to 'no', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live | Llinyn | suggested |
Quote | quote | Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; must include terminating punctuation | Llinyn | dewisol |
Ref | ref | An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv template | Llinyn | dewisol |
Separator | separator | The punctuation used to separate lists of authors, editors, etc.; a space must be encoded as   do not use an asterisk, colon, or hash mark
| Llinyn | dewisol |
Postscript | postscript | The closing punctuation for the citation; ignored if 'quote' is defined
| Llinyn | dewisol |
Lay source | laysource | Name of the source of the laysummary; displays in italics, preceded by an en dash | Llinyn | dewisol |
Lay date | laydate | Date of the summary; displays in parentheses | Llinyn | dewisol |
Author mask | author-mask | Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead | Llinyn | dewisol |
Last name 3 | last3 author3 | The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink3'. | Llinell | dewisol |
First name 3 | first3 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink. | Llinell | dewisol |
Author link 3 | authorlink3 author3-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author. | Page name | dewisol |
Last name 4 | last4 author4 | The surname of the fourth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink4'. | Llinell | dewisol |
First name 4 | first4 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth author; don't wikilink. | Llinell | dewisol |
Author link 4 | authorlink4 author4-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth author. | Page name | dewisol |
Last name 5 | last5 author5 | The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink5'. | Llinell | dewisol |
First name 5 | first5 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink. | Llinell | dewisol |
Author link 5 | authorlink5 author5-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth author. | Page name | dewisol |
Last name 6 | last6 author6 | The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink6'. | Llinell | dewisol |
First name 6 | first6 author6-link | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink. | Llinell | dewisol |
Author link 6 | authorlink6 | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author. | Page name | dewisol |
Last name 7 | last7 author7 | The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink7'. | Llinell | dewisol |
First name 7 | first7 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink. | Llinell | dewisol |
Author link 7 | authorlink7 author7-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author. | Page name | dewisol |
Last name 8 | last8 author8 | The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink8'. | Llinell | dewisol |
First name 8 | first8 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink. | Llinell | dewisol |
Author link 8 | authorlink8 author8-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author. | Page name | dewisol |
Last name 9 | last9 author9 | The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink9'. If nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last author. | Llinell | dewisol |
First name 9 | first9 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink. | Llinell | dewisol |
Author link 9 | authorlink9 author9-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author. | Page name | dewisol |
Author name separator | author-name-separator | Changes the separator between last and first names; defaults to a comma and space; a space must be encoded as   do not use an asterisk, colon, or hash mark
| Llinyn | dewisol |
Author separator | author-separator | Changes the separator between authors; defaults to a semicolon and space; a space must be encoded as   do not use an asterisk, colon, or hash mark
| Llinyn | dewisol |
Display authors | display-authors displayauthors | Number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used; default is to do so after 8 of 9 are listed.
| Rhif | dewisol |
Last author ampersand | lastauthoramp | When set to any value, changes the separator between the last two names of the author list to 'space ampersand space' | Llinyn | dewisol |
Editor last name 2 | editor2-last editor2 | The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'. | Llinell | dewisol |
Editor first name 2 | editor2-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink. | Llinell | dewisol |
Editor last name 3 | editor3-last editor3 | The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'. | Llinell | dewisol |
Editor first name 3 | editor3-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink. | Llinell | dewisol |
Editor last name 4 | editor4-last editor4 | The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'. | Llinell | dewisol |
Editor first name 4 | editor4-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink. | Llinell | dewisol |
Editor last name 5 | editor5-last editor5 | The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'. | Llinell | dewisol |
Editor first name 5 | editor5-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink. | Llinell | dewisol |
Editor last name 6 | editor6-last editor6 | The surname of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'. | Llinell | dewisol |
Editor first name 6 | editor6-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth editor; don't wikilink. | Llinell | dewisol |
Editor last name 7 | editor7-last editor7 | The surname of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'. | Llinell | dewisol |
Editor first name 7 | editor7-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh editor; don't wikilink. | Llinell | dewisol |
Editor last name 8 | editor8-last editor8 | The surname of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'. | Llinell | dewisol |
Editor first name 8 | editor8-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth editor; don't wikilink. | Llinell | dewisol |
Editor last name 9 | editor9-last editor9 | The surname of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'. | Llinell | dewisol |
Editor first name 9 | editor9-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth editor; don't wikilink. | Llinell | dewisol |
Editor link 2 | editor2-link editor2link editorlink2 | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second editor. | Page name | dewisol |
Editor link 3 | editor3-link editor3link editorlink3 | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third editor. | Page name | dewisol |
Editor link 4 | editor4-link editor4link editorlink4 | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth editor. | Page name | dewisol |
Mae'r ddogfennaeth uchod wedi ei thrawsgynnwys o Nodyn:Cite web/doc. (golygu | hanes) Gall golygyddion arbrofi yn y tudalennau pwll tywod (creu | drych) a testcases (creu). Os gwelwch yn dda, ychwanegwch gategorïau a rhyngwicis at yr is-dudalen /doc. Is-dudalennau'r nodyn hwn. |
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