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Names | |||
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Preferred IUPAC name
Butan-1-ol[1] | |||
Other names
n-Butanol
n-Butyl alcohol n-Butyl hydroxide n-Propylcarbinol n-Propylmethanol 1-Hydroxybutane Methylolpropane | |||
Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol)
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3DMet | |||
969148 | |||
ChEBI | |||
ChEMBL | |||
ChemSpider | |||
DrugBank | |||
ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.683 | ||
EC Number |
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25753 | |||
KEGG | |||
MeSH | 1-Butanol | ||
PubChem CID
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RTECS number |
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UNII | |||
UN number | 1120 | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |||
C4H10O | |||
Molar mass | 74.123 g·mol−1 | ||
Appearance | Colourless, refractive liquid | ||
Odor | banana-like,[2] harsh, alcoholic and sweet | ||
Density | 0.81 g/cm3 | ||
Melting point | −89.8 °C (−129.6 °F; 183.3 K) | ||
Boiling point | 117.7 °C (243.9 °F; 390.8 K) | ||
73 g/L at 25 °C | |||
Solubility | very soluble in acetone miscible with ethanol, ethyl ether | ||
log P | 0.839 | ||
Vapor pressure | 0.58 kPa (20 °C) ILO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC) | ||
Acidity (pKa) | 16.10 | ||
−56.536·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
Refractive index (nD)
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1.3993 (20 °C) | ||
Viscosity | 2.573 mPa·s (at 25 °C) [3] | ||
1.66 D | |||
Thermochemistry | |||
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298) |
225.7 J/(K·mol) | ||
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−328(4) kJ/mol | ||
Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH⦵298) |
−2670(20) kJ/mol | ||
Hazards | |||
GHS labelling: | |||
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NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
Flash point | 35 °C (95 °F; 308 K) | ||
343 °C (649 °F; 616 K) | |||
Explosive limits | 1.45–11.25% | ||
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LD50 (median dose)
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790 mg/kg (rat, oral) | ||
LDLo (lowest published)
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3484 mg/kg (rabbit, oral) 790 mg/kg (rat, oral) 1700 mg/kg (dog, oral)[5] | ||
LC50 (median concentration)
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9221 ppm (mammal) 8000 ppm (rat, 4 h)[5] | ||
NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible)
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TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3)[4] | ||
REL (Recommended)
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C 50 ppm (150 mg/m3) [skin][4] | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger)
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1400 ppm[4] | ||
Safety data sheet (SDS) | ICSC 0111 | ||
Related compounds | |||
Related compounds
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Butanethiol n-Butylamine Diethyl ether Pentane | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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1-Butanol, also known as butan-1-ol or n-butanol, is a primary alcohol with the chemical formula C4H9OH and a linear structure. Isomers of 1-butanol are isobutanol, butan-2-ol and tert-butanol. The unmodified term butanol usually refers to the straight chain isomer.
1-Butanol occurs naturally as a minor product of the ethanol fermentation of sugars and other saccharides[6] and is present in many foods and drinks.[7][8] It is also a permitted artificial flavorant in the United States,[9] used in butter, cream, fruit, rum, whiskey, ice cream and ices, candy, baked goods, and cordials.[10] It is also used in a wide range of consumer products.[7]
The largest use of 1-butanol is as an industrial intermediate, particularly for the manufacture of butyl acetate (itself an artificial flavorant and industrial solvent). It is a petrochemical derived from propylene. Estimated production figures for 1997 are: United States 784,000 tonnes; Western Europe 575,000 tonnes; Japan 225,000 tonnes.[8]
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