5′-nucleotidase | |||||||||
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![]() Human ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73): crystal form I (open) in complex with adenosine[1] | |||||||||
Identifiers | |||||||||
EC no. | 3.1.3.5 | ||||||||
CAS no. | 9027-73-0 | ||||||||
Databases | |||||||||
IntEnz | IntEnz view | ||||||||
BRENDA | BRENDA entry | ||||||||
ExPASy | NiceZyme view | ||||||||
KEGG | KEGG entry | ||||||||
MetaCyc | metabolic pathway | ||||||||
PRIAM | profile | ||||||||
PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum | ||||||||
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5′-Nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5) is an enzyme which catalyzes the phosphorylytic cleavage of 5′-nucleotides.[2] Although originally found in snake venom,[3] the activity of 5'nucleotidase has been described for bacteria and plant cells, and is widely distributed in vertebrate tissue.[4] In mammalian cells the enzyme is predominantly located in the plasma membrane and its primary role is in the conversion of extracellular nucleotides (e.g. 5'-AMP), which are generally impermeable, to the corresponding nucleoside (e.g. adenosine) which can readily enter most cells.[5] Consequently, the enzyme plays a key role in the metabolism of nucleotides.
The enzyme has a wide substrate specificity for nucleotides and has been shown to hydrolyze 5'nucleotides rapidly, ribose-5-phosphate slowly, and other phosphate esters extremely slowly (if at all).[6]
The enzyme catalyses the following reaction:
The 5′-nucleotidase-catalyzed reaction of an AMP nucleotide to adenosine nucleoside is shown below:
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