A Mathematical Theory of Communication

A Mathematical Theory of Communication
Author	Claude E. Shannon
Language	English
Subject	Communication theory
Publication date	1948
Publication place	United States

"A Mathematical Theory of Communication" is an article by mathematician Claude E. Shannon published in Bell System Technical Journal in 1948.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] It was renamed The Mathematical Theory of Communication in the 1949 book of the same name,^[5] a small but significant title change after realizing the generality of this work. It has tens of thousands of citations which is rare for a scientific article and gave rise to the field of information theory. Scientific American referred to the paper as the "Magna Carta of the Information Age",^[6] while the electrical engineer Robert G. Gallager called the paper a "blueprint for the digital era".^[7]

^ Cite error: The named reference Shannon_1948_1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference Shannon_1948_2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Ash, Robert B. (1966). Information Theory: Tracts in Pure & Applied Mathematics. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc. ISBN 0-470-03445-9.
^ Yeung, Raymond W. (2008). "The Science of Information". Information Theory and Network Coding. Springer. pp. 1–4. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-79234-7_1. ISBN 978-0-387-79233-0.
^ Cite error: The named reference Shannon_1949 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Goodman, Rob; Soni, Jimmy (2018). "Genius in Training". Alumni Association of the University of Michigan. Retrieved 2023-10-31.
^ "Claude Shannon: Reluctant Father of the Digital Age". MIT Technology Review. 2001-07-01. Retrieved 2024-06-26.

[Shannon_1948_1-1] Cite error: The named reference Shannon_1948_1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Shannon_1948_2-2] Cite error: The named reference Shannon_1948_2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[3] Ash, Robert B. (1966). Information Theory: Tracts in Pure & Applied Mathematics. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc. ISBN 0-470-03445-9.

[4] Yeung, Raymond W. (2008). "The Science of Information". Information Theory and Network Coding. Springer. pp. 1–4. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-79234-7_1. ISBN 978-0-387-79233-0.

[Shannon_1949-5] Cite error: The named reference Shannon_1949 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[6] Goodman, Rob; Soni, Jimmy (2018). "Genius in Training". Alumni Association of the University of Michigan. Retrieved 2023-10-31.

[7] "Claude Shannon: Reluctant Father of the Digital Age". MIT Technology Review. 2001-07-01. Retrieved 2024-06-26.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]