Aerenchyma

Aerenchyma or aeriferous parenchyma ^[1] or lacunae, is a modification of the parenchyma to form a spongy tissue that creates spaces or air channels in the leaves, stems and roots of some plants, which allows exchange of gases between the shoot and the root.^[2] The channels of air-filled cavities (see image to right) provide a low-resistance internal pathway for the exchange of gases such as oxygen, carbon dioxide and ethylene between the plant above the water and the submerged tissues. Aerenchyma is also widespread in aquatic and wetland plants which must grow in hypoxic soils.^[3][4]

The word "aerenchyma" is Modern Latin derived from Latin aer for "air" and Greek enkhyma for "infusion."^[5]