Afghan nationals and citizens who reside outside of Afghanistan
Ethnic group
Afghan diaspora Iran c. 5.0 million (2023)[ 1] Pakistan c. 1.9-4.4 million (2023)[ 2] [ 3] Germany 476,000 (2023)[ 4] United States 300,000 (2023)[ 5] United Arab Emirates 300,000 (2023)[ 6] [ 7] Russia 150,000 (2023)[ 8] Saudi Arabia 132,282 (2022 census) [ 9] Canada 132,015 (2023)[ 10] [ 11] Turkey 129,323 (2021)[ 12] [ 13] United Kingdom 93,296 (2023)[ 14] Sweden 67,858 (2023)[ 15] Australia 59,797 (2021)[ 16] Netherlands 51,830 (2021)[ 17] Austria 44,918 (2023) France 41,174 (2021)[ 18] Denmark 21,635 (2024)[ 19] Greece 21,456 (2021)[ 20] Ukraine 20,000 (2001)[ 21] Norway 19,072 (2023)[ 22] India 15,806 (2021)[ 12] [ 23] Switzerland 14,523 (2021)[ 24] [ 20] Finland 12,044 (2021)[ 25] Italy 11,121-12,096 (2021)[ 20] [ 26] Uzbekistan 10,000 (2022)[ 27] Israel 10,000 (2012) Indonesia 7,629 (2021)[ 12] Tajikistan 6,775 (2021)[ 29] Qatar 4,000 (2012)[ 30] Japan 3,509 (2020)[ 31] New Zealand 3,414 (2013)[ 32] Brazil 2,800+ (2023)[ 33] Malaysia 2,661 (2021)[ 12] [ 34] Kazakhstan 2,500+ (2021)[ 35] [ 36] Romania 2,384 (2020)[ 37] Kyrgyzstan 2,000 (2002)[ 38] Ireland 1,200 (2019)[ 39] Ecuador 300–2,500 (2018)[ 40] Portugal 883[ 41] Pashto , Dari Persian , and languages spoken in the respective country of residenceSunni Islam (majority) Minority: Shia Islam , Hinduism , Christianity , and Sikhism
Afghan diaspora refers to the Afghan people that reside and work outside of Afghanistan . They include natives and citizens of Afghanistan who have immigrated to other countries. The majority of the diaspora has been formed by Afghan refugees since the start of the Soviet–Afghan War in 1979; the largest numbers temporarily reside in Iran . As stateless refugees or asylum seekers , they are protected by the well-established non-refoulement principle and the U.N. Convention Against Torture .[ 42] The ones having at least one American parent are further protected by United States laws.[ 43] [ 44]
Outside the immediate region of Afghanistan, the largest and oldest communities of Afghans exist in Germany ; large communities also exist in the United States , the United Arab Emirates, Russia , Turkey , Canada , United Kingdom , Sweden , Netherlands , Australia and Austria. Some are nationals and citizens of the countries in those continents, especially those in the United States, Canada, Western Europe, Australia, and New Zealand.[ 45] [ 46] [ 44]
Traditionally, the borders between Afghanistan and its southern and eastern neighboring countries have been fluid and vague .[ 47] Like other nations that were created by European empires, the borders of Afghanistan with neighboring countries often do not follow ethnic divisions, and several native ethnic groups are found on both sides of Afghanistan's border. This means that historically there was much movement across present day barriers.[ 48]
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^ "Moscow's 'Little Kabul' " . Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty. 25 December 2017.
^ "Saudi Arabia 2022 Census" (PDF) . General Authority for Statistics (GASTAT), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-04-28. Retrieved 2024-08-22 .
^ "Canada Census Profile 2021" . Census Profile, 2021 Census . Statistics Canada Statistique Canada. 7 May 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2023 .
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^ "Table 1.3: Overseas-born population in the United Kingdom, excluding some residents in communal establishments, by sex, by country of birth, January 2019 to December 2019" . Office for National Statistics . 21 May 2020. Retrieved 17 October 2020 . Figure given is the central estimate. See the source for 95% confidence intervals .
^ https://www.statistikdatabasen.scb.se/pxweb/sv/ssd/START__BE__BE0101__BE0101E/FodelselandArK/table/tableViewLayout1/ [bare URL ]
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^ Statistics Norway – [https://www.ssb.no/statbank/table/13880/tableViewLayout1/
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^ "Bevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeit und Geburtsland" . 18 May 2018.
^ "Foreigners in Finland" . Statistics Finland . June 9, 2021. Retrieved 2021-07-30 .
^ Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (2020). Cittadini Stranieri. Popolazione residente e bilancio demografico al 31 dicembre 2019 [Foreign Citizens. Resident population and demographic balance as in 31 Dec 2019] (Report) (in Italian). Rome: Istat . Retrieved 15 August 2021 . Italia - Asia Centro-Meridionale Afghanistan [...] Totale: 11121 [Italy - Center-Southern Asia Afghanistan [...] Total: 11,121]
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^ " "Brazil, the unlikely last hope of Afghan refugees" - El País - elpais.com" . 14 February 2023.
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^ " "Салт-дәстүрін аялай білген халық" - ақпараттық-танымдық сайт - Еl.kz" . 7 November 2020.
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^ "Romania: Refugee and migrant figures for 2020" . March 30, 201. Retrieved 2021-07-30 .
^ IFRC document
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^ "Los afganos latinoamericanos" . www.trt.net.tr . TRT Español.
^ "Portugal: New agency for migration and asylum" .
^ See generally
^ See, e.g., generally 18 U.S.C. § 249 ; 18 U.S.C. § 876 ; 18 U.S.C. § 1958 ; 18 U.S.C. § 2332 ; 18 U.S.C. § 2441 ; "United States v. Morin, 80 F.3d 124" . Fourth Circuit . Harvard Law School. April 5, 1996. p. 126. Retrieved 2021-08-02 .
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^ "The Durand line: History, Consequences, and Future" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 June 2021. Retrieved 4 June 2014 .
^ "Afghan-Pakistani Forces Exchange Fire Along Shared Border" . NPR. May 7, 2013. Retrieved 2021-08-01 .