Africatown Historic District | |
.jpg) Africatown welcome sign, 2017 | |
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| Location | Roughly bounded by Jakes Ln., Paper Mill & Warren Rds., Chin & Railroad Sts., in Mobile, Alabama |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 30°43′53.6″N 88°3′36.4″W / 30.731556°N 88.060111°W |
| NRHP reference No. | 12000990[1] |
| Added to NRHP | December 4, 2012[1] |
Africatown, also known as AfricaTown USA and Plateau, is a historic community located three miles (5 km) north of downtown Mobile, Alabama. It was formed by a group of 32 West Africans, who in 1860 were bought and transported against their will in the last known illegal shipment of slaves to the United States. The Atlantic slave trade had been banned since 1808, but 110 slaves held by the Kingdom of Dahomey were smuggled into Mobile on the Clotilda, which was burned and scuttled to try to conceal its illicit cargo. More than 30 of these people, believed to be ethnic Yoruba, Ewe, and Fon, founded and created their own community in what became Africatown.[2] They retained their West African customs and language into the 1950s, while their children and some elders also learned English. Cudjo Kazoola Lewis, a founder of Africatown, lived until 1935 and was long thought to be the last survivor of the slaves from the Clotilda living in Africatown.[3]
In 2019, scholar Hannah Durkin from Newcastle University documented Redoshi, a West African woman who was believed at the time to be the last survivor of slaves from the Clotilda. Also known as Sally Smith, she lived to 1937. She had been sold to a planter who lived in Dallas County, Alabama. Redoshi and her family continued to live there after emancipation, working on the same plantation.[4][5] Durkin later published research indicating that another slave, Matilda McCrear, in fact outlived Smith, dying in 1940.[6][7]
The population of Africatown has declined markedly from a peak population of 12,000 in the 20th century, when paper mills operated there. In the early 21st century, the community has about 2,000 residents. It is estimated 100 of them are descendants of the people from the Clotilda. Other descendants live across the country. In 2009, the neighborhood was designated as a site on Mobile's African American Heritage Trail. The Africatown Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012. Its related Old Plateau Cemetery, also known as Africatown Graveyard, was founded in 1876. It has been given a large historical plaque telling its history.
- ^ a b "Weekly List of Actions Taken On Properties: 12/03/12 Through 12/07/12". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
- ^ Robertson, Natalie. The Slave Ship Clotilda and the Making of AfricaTown, USA: Spirit of Our Ancestors. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger, 2008.
- ^ Willet, Henry (1993). "Mobile Community Holds On To Unique African Heritage". Alabama Center for Traditional Culture. Retrieved February 28, 2008.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
durkinwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Harriott, Michael (April 3, 2019). "Erased from History, Meet Redoshi the Last Survivor of the Transatlantic Slave Trade". The Root. Retrieved April 5, 2019.
- ^ Coughlan, Sean (March 25, 2020). "Last survivor of transatlantic slave trade discovered". BBC News. Retrieved March 25, 2020.
- ^ Durkin, Hannah (March 19, 2020). "Uncovering The Hidden Lives of Last Clotilda Survivor Matilda McCrear and Her Family". Slavery & Abolition. 41 (3): 431–457. doi:10.1080/0144039X.2020.1741833. ISSN 0144-039X. S2CID 216497607.
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