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| Ahab | |
|---|---|
 Portrait from Promptuarium Iconum Insigniorum | |
| King of Israel (Northern Kingdom) | |
| Reign | 22 years 874-853 BC (Thiele) 869-850 BC (Albright) 871–852 BC (Coogan) |
| Predecessor | Omri |
| Successor | Ahaziah |
| Died | c. 853 BC Ramoth-Gilead, Syria |
| Burial | |
| Consort | Jezebel of Sidon |
| Issue | [1] |
| Dynasty | Omrides |
| Father | Omri |
Ahab (/ˈeɪhæb/; Hebrew: אַחְאָב, romanized: ʾAḥʾāḇ; Akkadian: 𒀀𒄩𒀊𒁍, romanized: Aḫâbbu; Koinē Greek: Ἀχαάβ, romanized: Akhaáb; Latin: Achab) was a king of the Kingdom of Israel (Samaria), the son and successor of King Omri, and the husband of Jezebel of Sidon, according to the Hebrew Bible.[2] He is depicted in the Bible as a Baal worshipper and is criticized for causing moral decline in Israel, though modern scholars argue that Ahab was a Yahwist himself.[3][4][5]
The existence of Ahab is historically supported outside the Bible. The contemporary Kurkh Monolith inscription of king Shalmaneser III[6] from the Neo-Assyrian Empire documented in 853 BC that Shalmaneser III defeated an alliance of a dozen kings in the Battle of Qarqar; one of these was Ahab. Though not named, he is also mentioned on the inscriptions of the Mesha Stele.[7]
Ahab became king of Israel in the thirty-eighth year of King Asa of Judah, and reigned for twenty-two years, according to 1 Kings 16:29. William F. Albright dated his reign to 869–850 BC, while Edwin R. Thiele offered the dates 874–853 BC.[8] Most recently, Michael Coogan has dated Ahab's reign to 871–852 BC.[9]
- ^ For a discussion about whether Athaliah was actually the daughter of Ahab or Ahab's father Omri, see Klein, Reuven Chaim (2014). "Queen Athaliah: The Daughter of Ahab or Omri?". Jewish Bible Quarterly. 42 (1): 11–20.
- ^ 1 Kings 16:29–34
- ^ Grabbe, Lester (2017). p. 183-184. Ancient Israel: What Do We Know and How Do We Know It?. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-0-567-67043-4. “His chief palace overseer Obadiah was a devoted Yhwh worshipper, and Ahab could hardly have been ignorant of that (1 Kgs 17.3). Furthermore, his two sons had theophoric names that contained a form of the divine name Yhwh (Ahaziah [1 Kgs 22.40] and Jehoram [2 Kgs 1.17]), which would hardly have been the case if he had been a Baal worshipper.”
- ^ Frevel, Christian (2021). "When and from Where did YHWH Emerge? Some Reflections on Early Yahwism in Israel and Judah". Entangled Religions. 12 (2). doi:10.46586/er.12.2021.8776. hdl:2263/84039 – via RUB.
- ^ Stahl, Michael J. (2023). "Yahweh or Baal- Who Was the God of Northern Israel?". Biblical Archaeology Review. Archived from the original on April 18, 2024.
- ^ Rainey, Anson F. "Stones for Bread: Archaeology versus History". Near Eastern Archaeology, Vol. 64, No. 3 (September 2001), pp. 140–149
- ^ Finkelstein & Silberman 2002, pp. 169–195.
- ^ Thiele 1965.
- ^ Coogan 2009, p. 237.
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