Back أخباريون Arabic الاخباريه ARZ Əxbarilər Azerbaijani اخباریلیک AZB Achbārīya German Ajbaríes Spanish اخباریگری Persian Akhbarisme French Akhbari Italian アフバール学派 Japanese
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Akhbarism (Arabic: الأخبارية, romanized: al-ʾAkhbāriyya) is a branch of Twelver Shia Islam, whose adherents do not perform imitation (taqlid) of an islamic jurist (marja). Akhbaris rejects the use of intercessory reasoning via trained Islamic jurists to derive verdicts in Islamic law,[1] maintaining it is forbidden (haram) to perform imitation of anyone but one of the Fourteen Infallibles of Twelver Islam.[2]
The term Akhbari comes from khabara'at, news or reports, while Usuli comes from Uṣūl al-fiqh, principles of Islamic jurisprudence. Akhbaris, unlike Usulis, do not accept Usul al-fiqh—i.e. the attempt to draw up a coherent set of legal principles based on rulings made by the Imams prior to the Occultation (ghayba) of the last Imam.[3] Akhbaris claim to directly imitate the Ahl al-Bayt, on the grounds that the Imams are infallible and the marja, however learned in jurisprudence, is not.[2] Knowledge of the religious rulings or Islamic jurisprudence used by Akhbaris is passed down by dead through living Muhaddith, who have narrated the rulings hadith of The Fourteen Infallibles without interpreting them. Interpretation of the Quran, and complete in-depth gnostic knowledge (al-rāsikhūn fi al-ʿilm Arabic: الراسخون فی العلم) of revelation from the Imams is also passed down as well.
As of the twenty-first century, Akhbari form a small minority within Shia Islam, with Usulis making up the mainstream majority. Akhbarism as a revivalist movement started with the writings of Muhammad Amin al-Astarabadi (d. 1627) and achieved its greatest influence in the late Safavid (1501–1736) and early post-Safavid era. However, shortly thereafter Muhammad Baqir Behbahani (d. 1792), along with other Usuli mujtahids, eradicated most of the Akhbari movement.[4] Today it is found primarily in the Basra, Iraq, Bahrain, Hyderabad, India, Tanzania and different cities of Pakistan[5] (Karachi, Sehwan, Hyderabad, Lahore, Faisalabad, Chakwaal, and Gojar Khan)[6] with reportedly "only a handful of Shia Ulama remaining Akhbari to the present day."[7]
- ^ "Akhbari". akhbari.com.
- ^ a b "Welcome to Akhbari.com". akhbari.org.
- ^ Gleave, Scripturalist Islam, 2007: p.xvi
- ^ Momen, Moojan (1985), An introduction to Shi'i Islam : the history and doctrines of Twelver Shi'ism (Athna Ashri "اثناء عشری"), Oxford: G. Ronald, p. 222, ISBN 978-0-85398-201-2
- ^ "Online Shia Islamic Articles, Books, Khutbat, Calendar 2013, Duas". hubeali.com.
- ^ Nasr, Vali (2006), The Shia revival : how conflicts within Islam will shape the future, New York: Norton, p. 69, ISBN 978-0-393-06211-3
- ^ Momen, Moojan (1985), An introduction to Shi'i Islam : the history and doctrines of Twelver Shi'ism, Oxford: G. Ronald, p. 127, ISBN 978-0-85398-201-2
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