Back لواء التوحيد Arabic تیپ توحید Persian Liwa al-Tawhid French Liwa at-Tauhid Polish Brigada al-Tawhid Portuguese Tevhid Tugayı Turkish

Al-Tawhid Brigade

al-Tawhid Brigade
لواء التوحيد
Leaders
  • Abdul Qader Saleh †[1][2]
    (Top Commander July 2012–November 2013)
  • Adnan Bakkour †[3]
    (Top Commander November 2013–January 2014)
  • Abdelaziz Salameh[4]
    (Top Commander January 2014-?)
  • Maj. Mohammed Hamadeen[5]
    (Free North Brigade)
  • Col. Yusef al-Jader †[6]
    (Senior commander in Aleppo)
  • Yussef al-Abbas †[1]
    (Intelligence chief)
Dates of operation18 July 2012—2014 (central group, some remnants still use the name)
Group(s)
  • Free North Brigade
  • Mountain Knights Brigade
  • Darat Izza Brigade
  • Aleppo Shahba Battalions
  • Northern Storm Brigade
  • 1st Regiment
HeadquartersAleppo, Mare', and Tell Rifaat
Active regions
of Syria[7]
IdeologySunni Islamism
Size10,000 (own claim) (Nov 2012)[8]
11,000 (Oct 2013)[9]
Part of
Allies Qatar
al-Nusra Front[9][13]
Ahrar ash-Sham[14]
Jaysh al-Islam[14]
Sham Legion[15]
Kurdish Front (2014)[16]
 Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (2013)[17]
Opponents Syria
Ghuraba al-Sham Front[13]
 Hezbollah
 Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (2014)[15]
People's Protection Units (2012–2014)[18]
Battles and warsSyrian Civil War
Designated as a terrorist group by Syria[20]
 United Arab Emirates[21]
Succeeded by
Levant Front
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The al-Tawhid Brigade (Arabic: لواء التوحيد, romanized: Liwa al-Tawhid, lit. 'Brigade of monotheism'), named after Tawhid, the "oneness of God," was an armed Islamist insurgent group involved in the Syrian Civil War.

The al-Tawhid Brigade was formed in 2012.[22][23] Reportedly backed by Qatar,[24] al-Tawhid was considered one of the biggest groups in northern Syria, dominating most of the insurgency around Aleppo.[23]

Affiliated with the Muslim Brotherhood,[6][9] in late 2013 it co-signed a joint statement calling for Sharia law and rejecting the authority of the Syrian National Coalition.[25]

Originally, al-Tawhid was composed of four subunits, the Mountain Knights Brigade, the Darat Izza Brigade, the Free North Brigade, and the Aleppo Shahba Battalions.[5]

Its leader Abdul Qader Saleh was killed in November 2013 in a devastating Syrian Air Force airstrike.[26] Its northern branch, the Free North Brigade, was in 2014 reportedly "superseded" by the Northern Sun Battalion (Shams al-Shamal).[27]

  1. ^ a b Syria air strike hits Islamist brigade leadership Al Ahram (AFP), 15 November 2013
  2. ^ Top Syrian rebel commander dies from wounds (Reuters), 18 November 2013
  3. ^ Al-Qaeda fighters kill Syrian rebel leaders Al-Jazeera, 2 February 2014
  4. ^ "The Levant Front: Can Aleppo's Rebels Unite?". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 26 December 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  5. ^ a b Jeffrey Bolling (29 August 2012). "Rebel Groups in northern Aleppo Province" (PDF). Institute for the Study of War.
  6. ^ a b "Free Syrian Army top commander killed in Syria's Aleppo". Al-Ahram. 15 December 2012. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
  7. ^ "A Dunon on Twitter".
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference Atassi was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ a b c "The Story of Al-Tawhid Brigade: Fighting for Sharia in Syria". Al-Monitor (As-Safir). 22 October 2013. Archived from the original on 25 September 2014. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  10. ^ "Syria - The Free Syrian Army". Vice. 22 December 2012. Archived from the original on 18 May 2014. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
  11. ^ Jonathan Steele (12 September 2014). "Syrian Kurdish leader hails 'Euphrates Volcano' fight against IS". Middle East Eye.
  12. ^ "The Revolutionary Command Council: Rebel Unity in Syria?". Carnegie Endowment of International Peace. 1 December 2014. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
  13. ^ a b "Warring Syrian rebel groups abduct each other's members". Times of Israel. 18 May 2013. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
  14. ^ a b Aron Lund (24 September 2013). "New Islamist Bloc Declares Opposition to National Coalition and US Strategy". Syria Comment. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
  15. ^ a b "Freedom, Human Rights, Rule of Law: The Goals and Guiding Principles of the Islamic Front and Its Allies". Democratic Revolution, Syrian Style. 17 May 2014. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
  16. ^ van Wilgenburg, Wladimir (27 March 2014). "Syrian Kurds, rebels find common enemy in ISIS". Al Monitor. Archived from the original on 28 March 2014. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
  17. ^ Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi (10 October 2013). "Analyzing Events in Azaz: A Detailed Look At ISIS' Takeover".
  18. ^ "Syrian Rebels Clash With Kurdish Militias". Al Monitor. 9 June 2013. Retrieved 5 July 2013.
  19. ^ a b Metzger, Nils (28 March 2013). "Bürgerkrieg in Syria: Jedem seine eigene Rebellengruppe" [Civil war in Syria: Everyone has their own rebel group]. TAZ (in German). Retrieved 19 October 2021.
  20. ^ "Anti-government extremist organizations in Syria".
  21. ^ "UAE Cabinet approves list of designated terrorist organisations, groups". 16 November 2014.
  22. ^ Cite error: The named reference bbc2012 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  23. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference TRAC was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  24. ^ Syrian air raid kills rebel commander in Aleppo: activists Reuters, 14 November 2013
  25. ^ Bill Roggio (26 September 2013). "Free Syrian Army units ally with al Qaeda, reject Syrian National Coalition, and call for sharia". The Long War Journal. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
  26. ^ Sly, Liz; Morris, Loveday (18 November 2013). "Syrian rebel leader Abdul Qader Saleh dies of injuries sustained in airstrike". The Washington Post. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
  27. ^ Joshua Landis (2 October 2014). "The Dawn of Freedom Brigades: Analysis and Interview". Retrieved 7 December 2015.

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