All models are wrong

All models are wrong is a common aphorism and anapodoton in statistics; it is often expanded as "All models are wrong, but some are useful". The aphorism acknowledges that statistical models always fall short of the complexities of reality but can still be useful nonetheless. The aphorism originally referred just to statistical models, but it is now sometimes used for scientific models in general.^[1]

The aphorism is generally attributed to George E. P. Box, a British statistician, although the underlying concept predates Box's writings.