Clinical data | |
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Trade names | Zyloprim, Caplenal, Zyloric, others |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a682673 |
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Routes of administration | Oral, intravenous |
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Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | 78±20% |
Protein binding | Negligible |
Metabolism | Liver (80% oxipurinol, 10% allopurinol ribosides) |
Elimination half-life | 2 h (oxipurinol 18–30 h) |
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.005.684 |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C5H4N4O |
Molar mass | 136.114 g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
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Allopurinol is a medication used to decrease high blood uric acid levels.[5] It is specifically used to prevent gout, prevent specific types of kidney stones and for the high uric acid levels that can occur with chemotherapy.[6][7] It is taken orally (by mouth) or intravenously (injected into a vein).[7]
Common side effects when used orally include itchiness and rash.[7] Common side effects when used by injection include vomiting and kidney problems.[7] While not recommended historically, starting allopurinol during an attack of gout appears to be safe.[8][9] In those already on the medication, it should be continued even during an acute gout attack.[8][6] While use during pregnancy does not appear to result in harm, this use has not been well studied.[1] Allopurinol is in the xanthine oxidase inhibitor family of medications.[7]
Allopurinol was approved for medical use in the United States in 1966.[7] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[10][11] Allopurinol is available as a generic medication.[7] In 2021, it was the 40th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 15 million prescriptions.[12][13]
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