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Altiplano-Puna Magma Body

Location (in red) of the Altiplano-Puna plateau in South America

The Altiplano-Puna Magma Body (APMB), a magma body located within the Altiplano-Puna plateau approximately 10–20 km beneath the Altiplano-Puna Volcanic Complex (APVC)[1] in the Central Andes. High resolution tomography shows that this magma body has a diameter of ~200 km, a depth of 14–20 km, with a total volume of ~500,000 km3,[2][3] making it the largest known active magma body on Earth.[1][4][5] Thickness estimates for the APMB are varied, with some as low as 1 km,[4][6] others around 10–20 km,[7] and some extending as far down as the Moho.[8] The APMB is primarily composed of 7-10 wt% water andesitic melts and the upper portion may contain more dacitic melts[9][10] with partial melt percentages ranging from 10-40%.[2] Measurements indicate that the region around the Uturuncu volcano in Bolivia is uplifting at a rate of ~10 mm/year, surrounded by a large region of subsidence.[5] This movement is likely a result of the APMB interacting with the surrounding rock and causing deformation.[5][10] Recent research demonstrates that this uplift rate may fluctuate over months or years and that it has decreased over the past decade.[11] Various techniques, such as seismic, gravity, and electromagnetic measurements have been used to image the low-velocity zone in the mid to upper crust known as the APMB.[9]

  1. ^ a b Perkins, Jonathan P.; Ward, Kevin M.; de Silva, Shanaka L.; Zandt, George; Beck, Susan L.; Finnegan, Noah J. (2016). "Surface uplift in the Central Andes driven by growth of the Altiplano Puna Magma Body". Nature Communications. 7 (1): 13185. doi:10.1038/ncomms13185. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 5093326. PMID 27779183.
  2. ^ a b Ward, Kevin M.; Zandt, George; Beck, Susan L.; Christensen, Douglas H.; McFarlin, Heather (2014). "Seismic imaging of the magmatic underpinnings beneath the Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex from the joint inversion of surface wave dispersion and receiver functions". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 404: 43–53. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2014.07.022.
  3. ^ Potro, Rodrigo del; Díez, Mikel; Blundy, Jon; Camacho, Antonio G.; Gottsmann, Joachim (2013). "Diapiric ascent of silicic magma beneath the Bolivian Altiplano". Geophysical Research Letters. 40 (10): 2044–2048. doi:10.1002/grl.50493. hdl:10261/88258. ISSN 1944-8007.
  4. ^ a b Chmielowski, Josef; Zandt, George; Haberland, Christian (1999). "The Central Andean Altiplano-Puna magma body". Geophysical Research Letters. 26 (6): 783–786. doi:10.1029/1999GL900078. S2CID 129812369.
  5. ^ a b c Fialko, Y.; Pearse, J. (2012). "Sombrero Uplift Above the Altiplano-Puna Magma Body: Evidence of a Ballooning Mid-Crustal Diapir". Science. 338 (6104): 250–252. doi:10.1126/science.1226358. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 23066078. S2CID 206543306.
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference :9 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Yuan, X.; Sobolev, S. V.; Kind, R.; Oncken, O.; Bock, G.; Asch, G.; Schurr, B.; Graeber, F.; Rudloff, A.; Hanka, W.; Wylegalla, K. (2000). "Subduction and collision processes in the Central Andes constrained by converted seismic phases". Nature. 408 (6815): 958–961. doi:10.1038/35050073. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 11140679. S2CID 4424146.
  8. ^ Schurr, B.; Asch, G.; Rietbrock, A.; Trumbull, R.; Haberland, C. (2003). "Complex patterns of fluid and melt transport in the central Andean subduction zone revealed by attenuation tomography". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 215 (1–2): 105–119. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00441-2.
  9. ^ a b Pritchard, M.E.; de Silva, S.L.; Michelfelder, G.; Zandt, G.; McNutt, S.R.; Gottsmann, J.; West, M.E.; Blundy, J.; Christensen, D.H.; Finnegan, N.J.; Minaya, E. (2018). "Synthesis: PLUTONS: Investigating the relationship between pluton growth and volcanism in the Central Andes". Geosphere. 14 (3): 954–982. doi:10.1130/GES01578.1. hdl:1983/cf804ce1-dcfa-4abf-b2e3-0f267f7feed1. ISSN 1553-040X.
  10. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference :4 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Lau, Nicholas; Tymofyeyeva, Ekaterina; Fialko, Yuri (2018). "Variations in the long-term uplift rate due to the Altiplano–Puna magma body observed with Sentinel-1 interferometry". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 491: 43–47. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2018.03.026.

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