Ammonia solution

Ammonia solution
Ball-and-stick model of the ammonia molecule	Ball-and-stick model of the water molecule
Ball-and-stick model of the ammonium cation	Ball-and-stick model of the hydroxide anion
Names
	IUPAC name Ammonium hydroxide
	Other names Ammonia water;
Identifiers
CAS Number	1336-21-6 ; 7664-41-7;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:18219 ;
ChemSpider	14218 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.014.225
EC Number	215-647-6;
E number	E527 (acidity regulators, ...)
KEGG	C01358 ;
PubChem CID	14923;
RTECS number	BQ9625000;
UNII	5138Q19F1X ;
UN number	2672
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID4020080 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/H3N.H2O/h1H3;1H2 Key: VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/H3N.H2O/h1H3;1H2 Key: VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYAI;
	SMILES [OH2].[NH3];
Properties
Chemical formula	NH3(aq)
Molar mass	17.031 g/mol
Appearance	Colourless liquid
Odor	"Fishy", highly pungent
Density	0.91 g/cm3 (25 % w/w); 0.88 g/cm3 (35 % w/w)
Melting point	−57.5 °C (−71.5 °F; 215.7 K) (25 % w/w); −91.5 °C (35% w/w)
Boiling point	37.7 °C (99.9 °F; 310.8 K) (25 % w/w)
Solubility in water	Miscible
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−31.5×10−6 cm3/mol
Thermochemistry
Std molar; entropy (S⦵298)	111 J/(mol·K)
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfH⦵298)	−80 kJ/mol
Hazards
	Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards	Moderately toxic and irritating towards mucous membranes
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H302, H314, H335, H410
Precautionary statements	P261, P271, P273, P280, P303+P361+P353, P305+P351+P338
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	3 1 0 COR
	Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	100 — 200 mg/kg
Safety data sheet (SDS)	ICSC 0215 (10%-35% solution)
Related compounds
Other anions	Ammonium chloride; Ammonium cyanide
Other cations	Tetramethylammonium hydroxide
Related compounds	Ammonia; Hydroxylamine
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Ammonia solution, also known as ammonia water, ammonium hydroxide, ammoniacal liquor, ammonia liquor, aqua ammonia, aqueous ammonia, or (inaccurately) ammonia, is a solution of ammonia in water. It can be denoted by the symbols NH₃(aq). Although the name ammonium hydroxide suggests a salt with the composition [NH⁺
₄][OH⁻
], it is actually impossible to isolate samples of NH₄OH. The ions NH⁺
₄ and OH⁻ do not account for a significant fraction of the total amount of ammonia except in extremely dilute solutions.^[6]

The concentration of such solutions is measured in units of the Baumé scale (density), with 26 degrees Baumé (about 30% of ammonia by weight at 15.5 °C or 59.9 °F) being the typical high-concentration commercial product.^[7]

^ Record of Ammonia solution in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health .
^ ^a ^b Zumdahl, Steven S. (2009). Chemical Principles 6th Ed. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. A22. ISBN 978-0-618-94690-7.
^ Ammonium hydroxide toxicity
^ C&L Inventory.
^ "GESTIS-Stoffdatenbank". gestis.dguv.de.
^ Housecroft, C. E.; Sharpe, A. G. (2004). Inorganic Chemistry (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall. p. 187. ISBN 978-0-13-039913-7.
^ "Ammonium hydroxide physical properties" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 November 2007.

[GESTIS-1] Record of Ammonia solution in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health .

[b1-2] Zumdahl, Steven S. (2009). Chemical Principles 6th Ed. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. A22. ISBN 978-0-618-94690-7.

[3] Ammonium hydroxide toxicity

[4] C&L Inventory.

[5] "GESTIS-Stoffdatenbank". gestis.dguv.de.

[6] Housecroft, C. E.; Sharpe, A. G. (2004). Inorganic Chemistry (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall. p. 187. ISBN 978-0-13-039913-7.

[LaRoche-7] "Ammonium hydroxide physical properties" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 November 2007.

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