Andrena

Andrena; Temporal range:
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Andrenidae
Subfamily:	Andreninae
Genus:	Andrena; Fabricius, 1775
Type species
	Apis helvola; Linnaeus, 1758
Subgenera & species
	See text

Andrena is a genus of bees in the family Andrenidae. With over 1,500 species, it is one of the largest genera of animals.^[2] It is a strongly monophyletic group that is difficult to split into more manageable divisions;^[3]^[4] currently, Andrena is organized into 104 subgenera.^[2] It is nearly worldwide in distribution, with the notable exceptions of Oceania and South America. Bees in this genus are commonly known as mining bees due to their ground-nesting lifestyle.

^ Cory S. Sheffield (2020). "A new species of Andrena (Trachandrena) from the Southwestern United States (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae)" (PDF). Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 77: 87–103. doi:10.3897/jhr.77.53704. S2CID 225682446. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 May 2024. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
^ ^a ^b Ascher, John; Pickering, John (2020). "Bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila)". Discover Life. Archived from the original on 15 July 2007. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
^ Pisanty, Gideon; Richter, Robin; Martin, Teresa; Dettman, Jeremy; Cardinal, Sophie (May 2022). "Molecular phylogeny, historical biogeography and revised classification of andrenine bees (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae)" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 170: 107151. Bibcode:2022MolPE.17007151P. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107151. PMID 33741535. S2CID 232297532. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 September 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
^ Dubitzky, Andreas; Plant, John; Schönitzer, Klaus (2010). "Phylogeny of the bee genus Andrena Fabricius based on morphology". Mitteilungen der Münchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft. 100: 137–202.

[Sheffield-1] Cory S. Sheffield (2020). "A new species of Andrena (Trachandrena) from the Southwestern United States (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae)" (PDF). Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 77: 87–103. doi:10.3897/jhr.77.53704. S2CID 225682446. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 May 2024. Retrieved 22 May 2024.

[:0-2] Ascher, John; Pickering, John (2020). "Bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila)". Discover Life. Archived from the original on 15 July 2007. Retrieved 27 October 2021.

[:1-3] Pisanty, Gideon; Richter, Robin; Martin, Teresa; Dettman, Jeremy; Cardinal, Sophie (May 2022). "Molecular phylogeny, historical biogeography and revised classification of andrenine bees (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae)" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 170: 107151. Bibcode:2022MolPE.17007151P. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107151. PMID 33741535. S2CID 232297532. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 September 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2022.

[4] Dubitzky, Andreas; Plant, John; Schönitzer, Klaus (2010). "Phylogeny of the bee genus Andrena Fabricius based on morphology". Mitteilungen der Münchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft. 100: 137–202.

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