Anodorhynchus

Anodorhynchus
	Hyacinth macaw
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Psittaciformes
Family:	Psittacidae
Tribe:	Arini
Genus:	Anodorhynchus; Spix, 1824
Type species
	Anodorhynchus maximiliani = Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus; von Spix 1824
Species
	A. glaucus (Vieillot, 1816); A. hyacinthinus (Latham, 1790); A. leari Bonaparte, 1856

Anodorhynchus is a genus of large blue macaws from open and semi-open habitats in central and eastern South America. It includes two extant species, the hyacinth macaw and Lear's macaw also known as the indigo macaw, and one probably extinct species, the glaucous macaw. At about 100 centimetres (39 in) in length the hyacinth macaw is the longest parrot in the world. Glaucous and Lear's macaws are exclusively cliff nesters; hyacinth macaws are mostly tree nesters. The three species mainly feed on the nuts from a few species of palms (notably Acrocomia aculeata, Attalea phalerata, Butia yatay and Syagrus coronata).

While blue macaws have been known from taxidermic and captive specimens since at least 1790,^{[citation needed]} location of the Lear's macaw's endemic habitat wasn't known until 1978.^[2]

The glaucous macaw was extirpated in the 1800s by clearance for agriculture and cattle grazing of the yatay palm (Butia yatay) groves upon which it fed,^[3]^[4] though rumors of its continued existence persist. Lear's macaws have made a comeback from near extinction in the early 1980s (about 60 birds) to over 1000 as a result of conservation programs. Hyacinth macaws remain locally common within parts of their range, but their range has become fragmented into three known distinct populations in southern Brazil, eastern Bolivia and northeastern Paraguay; populations are declining due to extensive trapping for the pet trade as well as habitat loss.

All Anodorhynchus macaws are listed on CITES Appendix I.

^ "Psittacidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
^ Sick, H; Teixeira DM; Gonzaga LP (1979). "Our discovery of the land of the Lear's Macaw (Anodorhynchus leari)". Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (51): 575–576.
^ Yamashita, Valle (1993). "On the linkage between Anodorhynchus macaws and palm nuts, and the extinction of Glaucous Macaw. 113". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 113: 53–60.
^ Begazo, Munn; Castelino, Yamashita (n.d.). "Humans caused the first proven extinction of a South American land bird: a post mortem for the Glaucous Macaw Anodorhynchus glaucus". Draft.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: year (link)

[HM4-1] "Psittacidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-24.

[2] Sick, H; Teixeira DM; Gonzaga LP (1979). "Our discovery of the land of the Lear's Macaw (Anodorhynchus leari)". Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (51): 575–576.

[3] Yamashita, Valle (1993). "On the linkage between Anodorhynchus macaws and palm nuts, and the extinction of Glaucous Macaw. 113". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 113: 53–60.

[4] Begazo, Munn; Castelino, Yamashita (n.d.). "Humans caused the first proven extinction of a South American land bird: a post mortem for the Glaucous Macaw Anodorhynchus glaucus". Draft.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: year (link)

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