^Krull, Fred; Marcotty, Michael; Pickett, Mary; Thomas, James; Zeilinger, Ronald (1972). Apple Reference Manual(PDF). General Motors Research Laboratories. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
^Bachman, Charles (January 2006). An interview with Charles W. Bachman. doi:10.1145/1141880.1141882. ISBN978-1-4503-1771-9. Retrieved June 29, 2024 – via ACM Digital Library."George [Dodd] built a very attractive IDS like system, called 'Associative Programming Language' (APL)
which was integrated with PL/1. General Motors used it extensively in the graphic design system for
automotive development. IBM latter asked GM to give up the initials, APL, so they could use them with
their, 'A Programming Language.'”