Artemisia I of Caria Ἀρτεμισία (Greek) | |
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Queen of Halicarnassus, Kos, Nisyros, and Kalymnos | |
![]() Painting by German artist Wilhelm von Kaulbach depicting Artemisia shooting arrows at the Greek fleet during the Battle of Salamis, 1868[1] | |
Reign | fl. 480 BC |
Predecessor | Unknown (her husband) |
Successor | Pisindelis |
Born | Halicarnassus (modern-day Bodrum, Turkey) |
Issue |
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Dynasty | Lygdamid |
Father | Lygdamis I |
Mother | Unknown |
Religion | Greek polytheism |
Lygdamid dynasty (Dynasts of Caria) | ||||||||||
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Artemisia I of Caria (Ancient Greek: Ἀρτεμισία; fl. 480 BC) was a queen of the ancient Greek city-state of Halicarnassus, which is now in Bodrum, present-day Turkey. She was also queen of the nearby islands of Kos, Nisyros and Kalymnos,[2] within the Achaemenid satrapy of Caria, in about 480 BC.[2] She was of Carian-Greek ethnicity by her father Lygdamis I, and half-Cretan by her mother.[3] She fought as an ally of Xerxes I, King of Persia against the independent Greek city states during the second Persian invasion of Greece.[4] She personally commanded ships at the naval battle of Artemisium[5] and at the naval Battle of Salamis in 480 BC. She is mostly known through the writings of Herodotus, himself a native of Halicarnassus, who praises her courage and relates the respect in which she was held by Xerxes.
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