Atahualpa

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Atahualpa
Portrait of Atahualpa by an unknown artist from the Cusco School. Currently located in the Ethnological Museum of Berlin, Germany.
Sapa Inca of the Inca Empire
Reign	1532–1533
Self-installation	April 1532
Predecessor	Huáscar
Successor	Túpac Huallpa (as puppet Sapa Inca of the Inca Empire)
Born	c. 1502 Cusco, Quito or Caranqui
Died	July 1533[1] Cajamarca, Inca Empire, modern-day Peru
Burial	29 August 1533 Cajamarca, Tawantinsuyu
Consort	Coya Asarpay (queen) Cuxirimay Ocllo (secondary wife)
Quechua	Atawallpa
Dynasty	Hanan Qusqu
Father	Huayna Cápac – Inca Emperor
Mother	Discussed: Tocto Ocllo Coca Paccha Duchicela Túpac Palla

Atahualpa (/ˌætəˈwɑːlpə/), also Atawallpa (Quechua), Atabalica,^[2][3] Atahuallpa, Atabalipa (c. 1502 – July 1533),^[4] was the last effective Inca emperor before his capture and execution during the Spanish conquest.

Atahualpa was the son of the emperor Huayna Cápac, who died around 1525 along with his successor, Ninan Cuyochi, in a smallpox epidemic. Atahualpa initially accepted his half-brother Huáscar as the new emperor, who in turn appointed him as governor of Quito in the north of the empire. The uneasy peace between them deteriorated over the next few years. From 1529 to 1532, they contested the succession in the Inca Civil War, in which Atahualpa's forces defeated and captured Huáscar.^[5]

Around the same time as Atahualpa's victory, a group of Spanish conquistadors, led by Francisco Pizarro, arrived in the region. In November, they captured Atahualpa during an ambush at Cajamarca. In captivity, Atahualpa gave a ransom in exchange for a promise of release and arranged for the execution of Huáscar. After receiving the ransom, the Spanish accused Atahualpa of treason, conspiracy against the Spanish Crown, and the murder of Huáscar. They put him on trial and sentenced him to death by burning at the stake. However, after his baptism in July 1533, he was garroted instead.^[6]

A line of successors continued to claim the title of emperor, either as Spanish vassals or as rebel leaders, but none were able to hold comparable power.^[7][8]