Atelopus varius

Costa Rican variable harlequin toad
Conservation status
	; Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Anura
Family:	Bufonidae
Genus:	Atelopus
Species:	A. varius
Binomial name
	Atelopus varius; (Lichtenstein and Martens, 1856)
Synonyms
	Synonymy Atelopus bibronii Boulenger, 1894 ; Atelopus loomisi Taylor, 1955 ; Hylaemorphus bibronii Schmidt, 1857 ; Hylaemorphus dumerilii Schmidt, 1857 ; Hylaemorphus pluto Schmidt, 1858 ; Hylaemorphus plutonius Jan, 1857 ; Phrynidium bibronii (Schmidt, 1857) ; Phrynidium varium Lichtenstein & Martens, 1856 ; Phryniscus bibronii (Schmidt, 1857) ; Phryniscus dumerilii Brocchi, 1882 ; Phryniscus varius (Lichtenstein & Martens, 1856) ;

Atelopus varius, the Costa Rican variable harlequin toad or clown frog, is a small Neotropical true toad from the family Bufonidae.^[2] Once ranging from Costa Rica to Panama, A. varius is now listed as critically endangered and has been reduced to a single remnant population near Quepos, Costa Rica (rediscovered in 2003), and has only relict populations in western Panama.^[1] Recent variation in air temperature, precipitation, stream flow patterns, and the subsequent spread of a pathogenic chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) linked to global climate change have been the leading cause of decline for A. varius.^[3]^[4] A. zeteki has been considered a subspecies of A. varius, but is now generally considered a separate species.^[5]^{[page needed]}

^ ^a ^b ^c IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2020). "Atelopus varius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T54560A3016252. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T54560A3016252.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
^ Crump, M.L. 1986. "Homing and site fidelity in a Neotropical frog, Atelopus varius (Bufonidae)." Copeia 1986(4): 1007–1009. doi:10.2307/1445001 JSTOR 1445001
^ Lips, K.R., Green, D.E. and Papendick, R. 2003. "Chytridiomycosis in wild frogs from southern Costa Rica." Journal of Herpetology 37(1): 215–218. JSTOR 1565857
^ Pounds, J.A., Bustamante, M.R., Coloma, L.A., Consuegra, J.A., Fogden, M.P.L., Foster, P.N., La Marca, E., Masters, K.L., Merino-Viteri, A., Puschendorf, R., Ron, S.R., Sánchez-Azofeifa, G.A., Still, C.J. and Young, B.E. 2006. "Widespread amphibian extinctions from epidemic disease driven by global warming." Nature 439: 161–167. doi:10.1038/nature04246
^ Savage, J.M. 2002. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. ISBN 0-226-73537-0

[IUCN-1] IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2020). "Atelopus varius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T54560A3016252. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T54560A3016252.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.

[crump1986-2] Crump, M.L. 1986. "Homing and site fidelity in a Neotropical frog, Atelopus varius (Bufonidae)." Copeia 1986(4): 1007–1009. doi:10.2307/1445001 JSTOR 1445001

[lips2003-3] Lips, K.R., Green, D.E. and Papendick, R. 2003. "Chytridiomycosis in wild frogs from southern Costa Rica." Journal of Herpetology 37(1): 215–218. JSTOR 1565857

[pounds2006-4] Pounds, J.A., Bustamante, M.R., Coloma, L.A., Consuegra, J.A., Fogden, M.P.L., Foster, P.N., La Marca, E., Masters, K.L., Merino-Viteri, A., Puschendorf, R., Ron, S.R., Sánchez-Azofeifa, G.A., Still, C.J. and Young, B.E. 2006. "Widespread amphibian extinctions from epidemic disease driven by global warming." Nature 439: 161–167. doi:10.1038/nature04246

[savage2002-5] Savage, J.M. 2002. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. ISBN 0-226-73537-0

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Costa Rican variable harlequin toad

Conservation status
Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1)^[1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Anura
Family:	Bufonidae
Genus:	Atelopus
Species:	A. varius
Binomial name
*Atelopus varius* (Lichtenstein and Martens, 1856)
Synonyms^[1]
Synonymy Atelopus bibronii Boulenger, 1894 Atelopus loomisi Taylor, 1955 Hylaemorphus bibronii Schmidt, 1857 Hylaemorphus dumerilii Schmidt, 1857 Hylaemorphus pluto Schmidt, 1858 Hylaemorphus plutonius Jan, 1857 Phrynidium bibronii (Schmidt, 1857) Phrynidium varium Lichtenstein & Martens, 1856 Phryniscus bibronii (Schmidt, 1857) Phryniscus dumerilii Brocchi, 1882 Phryniscus varius (Lichtenstein & Martens, 1856)