Auditory brainstem response

The auditory brainstem response (ABR), also called brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) or brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) or brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAERs)^[1]^[2] is an auditory evoked potential extracted from ongoing electrical activity in the brain and recorded via electrodes placed on the scalp. The measured recording is a series of six to seven vertex positive waves of which I through V are evaluated. These waves, labeled with Roman numerals in Jewett and Williston convention, occur in the first 10 milliseconds after onset of an auditory stimulus. The ABR is considered an exogenous response because it is dependent upon external factors.^[3]^[4]^[5]

The auditory structures that generate the auditory brainstem response are believed to be as follows:^[4]^[6]

Wave I through III – generated by the auditory branch of cranial nerve VIII and lower
Wave IV and V – generated by the upper brainstem
More in depth location – wave I and II originates from the distal and proximal auditory nerve fibers, wave III from the cochlear nucleus, IV showing activity in the superior olivary complex, and wave V is associated with the lateral lemniscus.^[7]

^ "Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) Evaluation". www.hopkinsmedicine.org. 2022-05-27. Retrieved 2024-02-16.
^ Young, Allen; Cornejo, Jennifer; Spinner, Alycia (2024), "Auditory Brainstem Response", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 33231991, retrieved 2024-02-16
^ Eggermont, Jos J.; Burkard, Robert F.; Manuel Don (2007). Auditory evoked potentials: basic principles and clinical application. Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-0-7817-5756-0. OCLC 70051359.
^ ^a ^b Hall, James W. (2007). New handbook of auditory evoked responses. Boston: Pearson. ISBN 978-0-205-36104-5. OCLC 71369649.
^ Moore, Ernest J (1983). Bases of auditory brain stem evoked responses. New York: Grune & Stratton. ISBN 978-0-8089-1465-5. OCLC 8451561.
^ DeBonis, David A.; Donohue, Constance L. (2007). Survey of Audiology: Fundamentals for Audiologists and Health Professionals (2nd ed.). Boston, Mass: Allyn & Bacon. ISBN 978-0-205-53195-0. OCLC 123962954.
^ Møsller, Aage R.; Jannetta, Peter J.; Møsller, Margareta B. (November 1981). "Neural Generators of Brainstem Evoked Potentials Results from Human Intracranial Recordings". Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology. 90 (6): 591–596. doi:10.1177/000348948109000616. ISSN 0003-4894. PMID 7316383. S2CID 11652964.

[1] "Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) Evaluation". www.hopkinsmedicine.org. 2022-05-27. Retrieved 2024-02-16.

[2] Young, Allen; Cornejo, Jennifer; Spinner, Alycia (2024), "Auditory Brainstem Response", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 33231991, retrieved 2024-02-16

[Eggermont,_2007-3] Eggermont, Jos J.; Burkard, Robert F.; Manuel Don (2007). Auditory evoked potentials: basic principles and clinical application. Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-0-7817-5756-0. OCLC 70051359.

[Hall,_2007-4] Hall, James W. (2007). New handbook of auditory evoked responses. Boston: Pearson. ISBN 978-0-205-36104-5. OCLC 71369649.

[5] Moore, Ernest J (1983). Bases of auditory brain stem evoked responses. New York: Grune & Stratton. ISBN 978-0-8089-1465-5. OCLC 8451561.

[DeBonis,_2008-6] DeBonis, David A.; Donohue, Constance L. (2007). Survey of Audiology: Fundamentals for Audiologists and Health Professionals (2nd ed.). Boston, Mass: Allyn & Bacon. ISBN 978-0-205-53195-0. OCLC 123962954.

[7] Møsller, Aage R.; Jannetta, Peter J.; Møsller, Margareta B. (November 1981). "Neural Generators of Brainstem Evoked Potentials Results from Human Intracranial Recordings". Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology. 90 (6): 591–596. doi:10.1177/000348948109000616. ISSN 0003-4894. PMID 7316383. S2CID 11652964.

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