Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a feeding or eating disorder in which individuals significantly limit the volume or variety of foods they consume, causing malnutrition, weight loss, and/or psychosocial problems.^[1] Unlike eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia, body image disturbance is not a root cause.^[1]^[2] Individuals with ARFID may have trouble eating due to the sensory characteristics of food (appearance, smell, texture, or taste); executive function disregulation; fears of choking or vomiting; low appetite; or a combination of these factors.^[2] While ARFID is most often associated with low weight, ARFID occurs across the whole weight spectrum.^[3]

ARFID was first included as a diagnosis in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) published in 2013, extending and replacing the diagnosis of feeding disorder of infancy or early childhood included in prior editions.^[2]^[4] It was subsequently also included in the eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) published in 2022.^[5]

^ ^a ^b Ramirez Z (May 1, 2024). "Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder". NIH: National Library of Medicine. PMID 38753906. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c American Psychiatric Association, ed. (2022). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. pp. 376–381. ISBN 978-0-89042-575-6.
^ Watts R (September 2023). "The clinical presentation of avoidant restrictive food intake disorder in children and adolescents is largely independent of sex, autism spectrum disorder and anxiety traits". eClinicalMedicine. 63. doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102190. PMC 10480549. PMID 37680940.
^ Fisher MM, Rosen DS, Ornstein RM, Mammel KA, Katzman DK, Rome ES, et al. (July 2014). "Characteristics of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder in children and adolescents: a "new disorder" in DSM-5". The Journal of Adolescent Health. 55 (1): 49–52. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.11.013. PMID 24506978.
^ "6B83 Avoidant-restrictive food intake disorder". ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics. World Health Organization. 2023.

[:2-1] Ramirez Z (May 1, 2024). "Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder". NIH: National Library of Medicine. PMID 38753906. Retrieved June 29, 2024.

[American_Psychiatric_Association_2022-2] American Psychiatric Association, ed. (2022). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. pp. 376–381. ISBN 978-0-89042-575-6.

[3] Watts R (September 2023). "The clinical presentation of avoidant restrictive food intake disorder in children and adolescents is largely independent of sex, autism spectrum disorder and anxiety traits". eClinicalMedicine. 63. doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102190. PMC 10480549. PMID 37680940.

[Fisher_2014-4] Fisher MM, Rosen DS, Ornstein RM, Mammel KA, Katzman DK, Rome ES, et al. (July 2014). "Characteristics of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder in children and adolescents: a "new disorder" in DSM-5". The Journal of Adolescent Health. 55 (1): 49–52. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.11.013. PMID 24506978.

[5] "6B83 Avoidant-restrictive food intake disorder". ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics. World Health Organization. 2023.

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