Bara Culture was a culture that emerged in the eastern region of the Indus Valley civilization around 2000 BCE.[1] It developed in the doab between the Yamuna and Sutlej rivers, hemmed on its eastern periphery by the Shivalik ranges of the lower Himalayas. This territory corresponds to modern-day Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh in North India.[1] Older publications regard the Baran pottery to have initially developed independently of the Harappan culture branch of the Indus Valley Civilization from a pre-Harappan tradition, although the two cultures later intermingled in locations such as Kotla Nihang Khan and Bara, Punjab.[2][3] According to Akinori Uesugi and Vivek Dangi, Bara pottery is a stylistic development of Late Harappan pottery.[4] In the conventional timeline demarcations of the Indus Valley Tradition, the Bara culture is usually placed in the Late Harappan period.
Bara culture is so-named because initial evidence for its existence was discovered from archeological digs at the site in Bara, Punjab.[5] Dher Majra and Sanghol are other important Bara culture sites that have been excavated.[6]
- ^ a b Arundhati Banerji (1994), Early Indian terracotta art, circa 2000-300 B.C., northern and western India, Harman Pub. House, 1994, ISBN 978-81-85151-81-6,
... 2000 BC Bara Culture : Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh ... In the post-Harappan context, Bara is considered as a distinct culture, that dominates the entire Sutlej-Yamuna divide ... The jars, water vessels are incised on shoulder and rusticated at the bottom. The typical classical Harappan shapes such as perforated jar, S-shaped jar, tall dish-on-stand with drum, goblet, beaker and handled-cup disappear ... the Bara tradition in the north appears to be parallel to the Harappa tradition at least along the Sutlej ... early phase is usually assignable to a period earlier than the classical Harappan phase ...
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Uesugi2017was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Romila Thapar (1978), Ancient Indian Social History: Some Interpretations, Orient Blackswan, 1978, ISBN 978-81-250-0808-8,
... there appears to be a continuity of pre-Harappan cultures into the second millennium B.C. at sites in the Sutlej valley and the upper Saraswati (e.g. Bara and Siswal A) ...
- ^ Amalananda Ghosh (1987), Archaeology and history, Agam Kala Prakashan, 1987,
... Dher Majra, Bara and Sanghol are all mainly Bara culture sites (Sharma, 1982a, 141-43, 154-57). Bhagwanpura, Dadheri, Nagar and Katpalon (Joshi et al, 1982, pp. 191-94), where Bara and Painted Grey Ware are found interlocked ...
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