Battle of Ayn al-Tamr

Battle of Ayn al-Tamr
	Part of Muslim conquest of Persia and; Campaigns of Khalid ibn al-Walid
	; Al-Razzaza Lake in Ain Al-Tamr
Date	633 AD
Location	Ayn al-Tamr, Sasanian Empire
Result	Rashidun army victory ; Ayn al-Tamr town annexed by Rashidun Caliphate
Belligerents
Rashidun Caliphate	Sasanian Empire; Arab Christians
Commanders and leaders
Khalid ibn al-Walid	Mihran Bahram-i Chubin (MIA); Aqqa ibn Qays ibn Bashir (POW), later executed
Strength
500-800	Unknown number, although it consisted of a "great" following of Arab Christian tribes and Sassanian "mobile troops". At least tens of thousand
Casualties and losses
	Entire field army executed ; Persian garrison defenders of the town slaughtered

32°33′58.0″N 43°29′25.4″E / 32.566111°N 43.490389°E / 32.566111; 43.490389

The Battle of Ayn al-Tamr (Arabic: معركة عين التمر) took place in modern-day Iraq (Mesopotamia) between the early Muslim Arab forces and the Sassanians along with their Arab Christian auxiliary forces. Ayn al-Tamr is located west of Anbar and was a frontier post which had been established to aid the Sassanids.^[7]

The Muslims under Khalid ibn al-Walid's command soundly defeated the Sassanian auxiliary force, which included large numbers of non-Muslim Arabs who broke earlier covenants with the Muslims.^[8] According to William Muir, Khalid ibn al-Walid captured the Arab Christian commander, Aqqa ibn Qays ibn Bashir, with his own hands,^[9] which matched the accounts of both Ibn Atheer in his Usd al-ghabah fi marifat al-Saḥabah, and Tabari in his Tarikh.^[3]^[4]

^ Annals of the Early Caliphate by William Muir pg. 85
^ Iraq After the Muslim Conquest by Michael G. Morony, pg 224
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Ibn Atheer.
^ ^a ^b ^c Tabari 1993, p. 53-54.
^ Tabari 1993, p. 55.
^ ^a ^b Baladhuri 2011, p. 169.
^ The Caliph's Last Heritage: A Short History of the Turkish Empire by Mark Sykes
^ The Book of Revenue: Kitab Al-Amwal by Abu 'Ubayd Al-Qasim Ibn Sallam, pg 194
^ Muir 1883, p. 62.

Cite error: There are <ref group=Notes> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=Notes}} template (see the help page).

[1] Annals of the Early Caliphate by William Muir pg. 85

[2] Iraq After the Muslim Conquest by Michael G. Morony, pg 224

[FOOTNOTEIbn_Atheer-3] Ibn Atheer.

[FOOTNOTETabari199353-54-4] Tabari 1993, p. 53-54.

[FOOTNOTETabari199355-5] Tabari 1993, p. 55.

[FOOTNOTEBaladhuri2011169-6] Baladhuri 2011, p. 169.

[8] The Caliph's Last Heritage: A Short History of the Turkish Empire by Mark Sykes

[9] The Book of Revenue: Kitab Al-Amwal by Abu 'Ubayd Al-Qasim Ibn Sallam, pg 194

[FOOTNOTEMuir188362-10] Muir 1883, p. 62.

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