Battle of Cajamarca

Capture of Atahualpa
	Part of the Spanish conquest of Peru
	; Painting by Juan Lepiani depicting the capture of Atahualpa in Cajamarca.
Date	November 16, 1532
Location	Cajamarca, Peru7°09′52″S 78°30′38″W / 7.16444°S 78.51056°W
Result	Spanish victory Capture of Atahualpa; Fall of the Inca Empire;
Belligerents
Spanish Empire	Incas faithful to Atahualpa
Commanders and leaders
Francisco Pizarro; Hernando Pizarro; Hernando de Soto	Atahualpa (POW)
Strength
106 infantry; 62 cavalry; four cannons; 12 harquebuses	3,000–8,000 guards
Casualties and losses
1 slave dead;; one wounded	2,000 dead; 7,000 taken prisoner
	class=notpageimage\| Location within Peru Battle of Cajamarca (South America) Battle of Cajamarca (America)

The Battle of Cajamarca also spelled Cajamalca^[4]^[5] (though many contemporary scholars prefer to call it Massacre of Cajamarca)^[6]^[7]^[8] was the ambush and seizure of the Inca ruler Atahualpa by a small Spanish force led by Francisco Pizarro, on November 16, 1532. The Spanish killed thousands of Atahualpa's counselors, commanders, and unarmed attendants in the great plaza of Cajamarca, and caused his armed host outside the town to flee. The capture of Atahualpa marked the opening stage of the conquest of the pre-Columbian civilization of Peru.^[9]

^ MacQuarrie, Kim (2012). The Last Days of The Incas. Hachette. p. 70. ISBN 978-1405526074.
^ Jared Diamond Guns, Germs And Steel, Random House 2013 (p. 76), states that the Inca personnel were purely Atahualpa's personal attendants and nobles, whereas John Michael Francis (2006, Iberia and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History: a Multidisciplinary Encyclopedia, v. 1, Santa Barbara, Ca.; ABC-CLIO, p. 322) states that they were "ceremonially armed guards".
^ Most sources state that no Conquistadors were killed, while others state that five or fewer were killed.(Spencer C. Tucker, 2010, Battles That Changed History: An Encyclopedia of World Conflict, Santa Barbara, Ca.; ABC-CLIO, p. 172.) Among modern sources stating categorically that no Spaniards were killed are (e.g.) Kim MacQuarrie, The Last Days of The Incas, Hachette publishing 2012, p. 84.
^ Andagoya, Pascual de. "Narrative of the Proceedings of Pedrarias Davila". The Hakluyt Society. p. 47. Retrieved 21 June 2019 – via Wikisource.
^ de Navarette, Martin Fernadez (1829). Viages menores, y los de Vespucio; Poblaciones en el Darien, suplemento al tomo II (in Spanish). pp. 428–.
^ Delfino, Gianluca (2016). Time, History, and Philosophy in the Works of Wilson Harris. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-3-8382-6905-4.
^ Roa-de-la-Carrera, Cristián A.; Sessions, Scott (2005). Histories of Infamy. University Press of Colorado. ISBN 978-1-4571-0966-9.
^ Tandeter, Enrique (2014). La sociedad colonial: Nueva Historia Argentina (in Spanish). Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial Argentina. ISBN 978-950-07-4895-7.
^ "Battle of Cajamarca | Summary". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2017-07-26.

[MacQuarrie-1] MacQuarrie, Kim (2012). The Last Days of The Incas. Hachette. p. 70. ISBN 978-1405526074.

[2] Jared Diamond Guns, Germs And Steel, Random House 2013 (p. 76), states that the Inca personnel were purely Atahualpa's personal attendants and nobles, whereas John Michael Francis (2006, Iberia and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History: a Multidisciplinary Encyclopedia, v. 1, Santa Barbara, Ca.; ABC-CLIO, p. 322) states that they were "ceremonially armed guards".

[3] Most sources state that no Conquistadors were killed, while others state that five or fewer were killed.(Spencer C. Tucker, 2010, Battles That Changed History: An Encyclopedia of World Conflict, Santa Barbara, Ca.; ABC-CLIO, p. 172.) Among modern sources stating categorically that no Spaniards were killed are (e.g.) Kim MacQuarrie, The Last Days of The Incas, Hachette publishing 2012, p. 84.

[Andagoya-4] Andagoya, Pascual de. "Narrative of the Proceedings of Pedrarias Davila". The Hakluyt Society. p. 47. Retrieved 21 June 2019 – via Wikisource.

[Navarette-5] Navarette, Martin Fernadez (1829). Viages menores, y los de Vespucio; Poblaciones en el Darien, suplemento al tomo II (in Spanish). pp. 428–.

[6] Delfino, Gianluca (2016). Time, History, and Philosophy in the Works of Wilson Harris. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-3-8382-6905-4.

[7] Roa-de-la-Carrera, Cristián A.; Sessions, Scott (2005). Histories of Infamy. University Press of Colorado. ISBN 978-1-4571-0966-9.

[8] Tandeter, Enrique (2014). La sociedad colonial: Nueva Historia Argentina (in Spanish). Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial Argentina. ISBN 978-950-07-4895-7.

[9] "Battle of Cajamarca | Summary". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2017-07-26.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]