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Battle of Vyborg Bay (1790)

For the 1944 battle, see Battle of Vyborg Bay (1944).
Battle of Vyborg Bay
Part of the Russo-Swedish War (1788–90)

Battle of Vyborg Bay, by Ivan Aivazovsky
Date3 July (O.S.: 22 June) 1790
Location
Krysserort near Vyborg (Vyborg Bay), Vyborg Governorate, Russia
Result See aftermath
Belligerents
Russian Empire Russian Empire Sweden Kingdom of Sweden
Commanders and leaders
Russian Empire Admiral Vasily Chichagov
Russian Empire Pyotr Khanykov
Russian Empire Illarion Povalishin		 Sweden Gustav III of Sweden
Sweden Prince Karl, Duke of Södermanland
Sweden Rudolf Cederström
Strength
  • 12 frigates[b]
    • 8 large frigates in battle[1]
  • 72 rowing craft[2]
    • 2,718 naval cannons[2]
    21,000 men[2]
    (number of cannon and men does not include rowing craft)    		 22 ships of the line[1]
    10 frigates[1] [NB 1]

    3,000 naval cannons[2]
    40,000 seamen and soldiers including arch. landing party[d]

    Casualties and losses
    • One estimate:
    • not a single vessel lost
    • 117 killed
    • 164 wounded[4][5][6]


      Another estimate:
    • 6 ships of the line out of action
    • 1,000 men[7]
    • One estimate:
    • 5 ships of the line
    • 3 frigates
    • 6 galleys
    • 14 gunboats
    • c. 30 transports
    • 5,000 men
    • 2 additional ships of the line lost after the battle[7]


      Another estimate:
    • 7 ships of the line
    • 3 frigates
    • 250+ smaller vessels
    • 7,000 dead
    • 4,988 taken prisoner[4][1]

    The Battle of Vyborg Bay (or the Battle of Vyborg)[e] was a naval battle fought between Russia and Sweden on 3 July 1790 in Vyborg Bay off the coast of Vyborg during the Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790). The Swedish Navy suffered heavy losses, losing seven ships of the line and three frigates, but Gustav III of Sweden eventually ensured a Swedish naval escape through a Russian naval blockade composed of units of the Baltic Fleet, commanded by Admiral Vasily Chichagov.[8] British historians would later call the Battle of Vyborg Bay the "Baltic Trafalgar".[2] The battle ranks among the world's largest historical naval battles[not verified in body] and also among the most influential, as it introduced the naval battle concept of "firepower over mobility".[not verified in body]

    1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Выборгское морское сражение // Sytin Military Encyclopedia. Vol. 7: "Воинская честь — Гимнастика военная", pp. 99—101
    2. ^ a b c d e f g "Vyborg and Rochensalm (The History of Russian Navy)". Archived from the original on 14 April 2012. Retrieved 27 October 2011.
    3. ^ Novikov 1948, p. 140.
    4. ^ a b Sozaev E., Tredrea J. Russian Warships in the Age of Sail 1696-1860: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth Publishing. 2010. P. 67
    5. ^ Леер Г. А. (ред.) Энциклопедия военных и морских наук. СПб. Т. II. 1885. С. 341
    6. ^ Шопотов К. А. Выборгское морское сражение (к 210-летию) // Страницы Выборгской истории. Т. I. 2000. С. 158
    7. ^ a b Mattila (1983) p.208
    8. ^ Novikov 1948, p. 141.


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