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Battle on the Ice | |||||||||
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Part of the Northern Crusades and the Livonian campaign against Rus' | |||||||||
Depiction of the battle in the late 16th century illuminated manuscript Life of Alexander Nevsky | |||||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
Hermann of Dorpat Andreas von Velven |
Alexander Nevsky Andrey Yaroslavich | ||||||||
Strength | |||||||||
1,800:
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6,000–7,000: | ||||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||||
Livonian Rhymed Chronicle: 20 knights killed 6 knights captured Novgorod First Chronicle: 400 Germans killed 50 Germans imprisoned "Countless" Estonians killed[2] | No exact figures |
The Battle on the Ice,[a] alternatively known as the Battle of Lake Peipus (German: Schlacht auf dem Peipussee; Russian: битва на Чудском озере, romanized: bitva na Chudskom ozere), took place on 5 April 1242. It was fought largely on the frozen Lake Peipus between the united forces of the Republic of Novgorod and Vladimir-Suzdal, led by Prince Alexander Nevsky, and the forces of the Livonian Order and Bishopric of Dorpat, led by Bishop Hermann of Dorpat.
The battle was significant because its outcome determined whether Western Catholicism or Eastern Orthodox Christianity would dominate in the region. In the end, the battle represented a significant defeat for the Catholic forces during the Northern Crusades and brought an end to their campaigns against the Orthodox Novgorod Republic and other Russian territories for the next century.[3]
The significance and likely the scale of the battle was exaggerated in later Russian sources, which hailed it as one of the great Russian victories of the Middle Ages.[4] The event portrayed in Sergei Eisenstein's historical drama film, Alexander Nevsky (1938), later created a popular but inaccurate image of the battle.
The Novgorodian victory is commemorated today in Russia as one of the Days of Military Honour.
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