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Begum Rokeya

Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain
Born
Rokeya Khatun

(1880-12-09)9 December 1880
Pairaband, Bengal Presidency, British India (now Rangpur, Bangladesh)
Died9 December 1932(1932-12-09) (aged 52)
Calcutta, Bengal Presidency, British India (now West Bengal, India)
Resting placeKolkata, West Bengal, India
Other names
  • Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain
  • R. S. Hossain
  • Rokeya Khatoon
Occupation(s)Writer, Feminist Thinker, Educator, Activist
Spouse
Khan Bahadur Sakhawat Hossain
​
​
(m. 1898; died 1909)​
RelativesKarimunnesa Khanam Chaudhurani (sister)
Abdul Karim Ghaznavi (nephew)
Abdul Halim Ghaznavi (nephew)

Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain[a] (9 December 1880[b] – 9 December 1932), commonly known as Begum Rokeya,[c] was a prominent Bengali feminist thinker, writer, educator and political activist from British India. She is widely regarded as a pioneer of women's liberation in India and Bangladesh.

She advocated for men and women to be treated equally as rational beings, noting that the lack of education for women was responsible for their inferior economic position.[3] Her major works include Matichur (A String of Sweet Pearls, 1904 and 1922), a collection of essays in two volumes expressing her feminist thoughts; Sultana's Dream (1908), a feminist science fiction novella set in Ladyland ruled by women; Padmarag ("Essence of the Lotus", 1924) depicting the difficulties faced by Bengali wives;[5] and Abarodhbasini (The Confined Women, 1931), a spirited attack on the extreme forms of purdah that endangered women's lives and self-image.[2]

Rokeya held education to be the central precondition of women's liberation, establishing the first school aimed primarily at Muslim girls in Kolkata. She is said to have gone from house to house persuading the parents to send their girls to her school in Nisha. Until her death, she ran the school despite facing hostile criticism and social obstacles.[2][6]

In 1916, she founded the Muslim Women's Association, an organization that fought for women's education and employment.[2][7] In 1926, Rokeya presided over the Bengal Women's Education Conference convened in Kolkata, the first significant attempt to bring women together in support of women's education rights.[7] She was engaged in debates and conferences regarding the advancement of women until her death on 9 December 1932, shortly after presiding over a session during the Indian Women's Conference.[7]

Bangladesh observes Rokeya Day on 9 December every year to commemorate her works and legacy.[8] On that day, Bangladesh government also confers Begum Rokeya Padak on individual women for their exceptional achievement.[9] In 2004, Rokeya was ranked number 6 in BBC's poll of the Greatest Bengali of all time.[10][11]

  1. ^ a b "A Feminist Foremother: Critical Essays on Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain". The Daily Star. 16 September 2017. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 17 December 2018.
  2. ^ a b c d Akhter, Shahida (2012). "Hossain, Roquiah Sakhawat". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2015."Roquia Sakhawat Hussain (Begum Rokeya)". Londoni. Archived from the original on 26 November 2018. Retrieved 16 August 2014.
  3. ^ a b Azad, Humayun. "Purushtantra o Rokeyar Naribad" পুরুষতন্ত্র ও রোকেয়ার নারীবাদ [Patriarchy and Rokeya's Feminism]. Naree নারী [The Woman] (in Bengali). Dhaka: Agamee Prokashon. pp. 282–299.
  4. ^ Begum, Maleka (2018). Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain রোকেয়া সাখাওয়াত হোসেন (in Bengali). Dhaka: Prothoma. p. 11.
  5. ^ Sarkar, Siuli (2016). Gender Disparity in India: Unheard Whimpers. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. p. 73. ISBN 978-8120352513. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  6. ^ "The enduring legacy of Begum Rokeya". The Independent. 9 December 2016. Archived from the original on 21 April 2019. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
  7. ^ a b c "Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain". Sewall-Belmont House Museum. Sewall-Belmont House & Museum. Archived from the original on 24 June 2016. Retrieved 25 June 2016.
  8. ^ "Begum Rokeya Day today". The Daily Star. Archived from the original on 12 March 2018. Retrieved 25 June 2016.
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference Tribune1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ "BBC Listeners' Poll". The Daily Star. 16 April 2004. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
  11. ^ "Mujib, Tagore, Bose among 'greatest Bengalis of all time'". The Hindu. 17 April 2004. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 21 April 2019.


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