Beta-2 microglobulin

B2M
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1A1M, 1A1N, 1A1O, 1A6Z, 1A9B, 1A9E, 1AGB, 1AGC, 1AGD, 1AGE, 1AGF, 1AKJ, 1AO7, 1B0G, 1B0R, 1BD2, 1C16, 1CE6, 1DE4, 1DUY, 1DUZ, 1E27, 1E28, 1EEY, 1EEZ, 1EFX, 1EXU, 1GZP, 1GZQ, 1HHG, 1HHH, 1HHI, 1HHJ, 1HHK, 1HLA, 1HSA, 1HSB, 1I1F, 1I1Y, 1I4F, 1I7R, 1I7T, 1I7U, 1IM3, 1IM9, 1JF1, 1JGD, 1JGE, 1JHT, 1JNJ, 1K5N, 1KPR, 1KTL, 1LDS, 1LP9, 1M05, 1M6O, 1MHE, 1MI5, 1OF2, 1OGA, 1OGT, 1ONQ, 1PY4, 1Q94, 1QEW, 1QLF, 1QQD, 1QR1, 1QRN, 1QSE, 1QSF, 1QVO, 1R3H, 1S9W, 1S9X, 1S9Y, 1SYS, 1SYV, 1TMC, 1TVB, 1TVH, 1UQS, 1UXS, 1UXW, 1VGK, 1W0V, 1W0W, 1W72, 1X7Q, 1XH3, 1XR8, 1XR9, 1XZ0, 1YDP, 1YPZ, 1ZHK, 1ZHL, 1ZS8, 1ZSD, 1ZT4, 1ZVS, 2A83, 2AK4, 2AV7, 2AXF, 2AXG, 2BCK, 2BNQ, 2BNR, 2BSR, 2BSS, 2BST, 2BVO, 2BVP, 2BVQ, 2C7U, 2CII, 2CIK, 2CLR, 2D31, 2D4D, 2D4F, 2DYP, 2E8D, 2ESV, 2F53, 2F54, 2F74, 2F8O, 2GIT, 2GJ6, 2GT9, 2GTW, 2GTZ, 2GUO, 2H26, 2H6P, 2HJL, 2HLA, 2HN7, 2J8U, 2JCC, 2NW3, 2NX5, 2P5E, 2P5W, 2PO6, 2PYE, 2RFX, 2UWE, 2V2W, 2V2X, 2VB5, 2VLJ, 2VLK, 2VLL, 2VLR, 2X4N, 2X4O, 2X4P, 2X4Q, 2X4R, 2X4S, 2X4T, 2X4U, 2X70, 2X89, 2XKS, 2XKU, 2XPG, 2YPK, 2YPL, 2YXF, 2Z9T, 3AM8, 3B3I, 3B6S, 3BGM, 3BH8, 3BH9, 3BHB, 3BO8, 3BP4, 3BP7, 3BVN, 3BW9, 3BWA, 3BXN, 3BZE, 3BZF, 3C9N, 3CDG, 3CII, 3CIQ, 3CZF, 3D18, 3D25, 3D2U, 3D39, 3D3V, 3DBX, 3DHJ, 3DHM, 3DTX, 3DXA, 3EKC, 3FFC, 3FQN, 3FQR, 3FQT, 3FQU, 3FQW, 3FQX, 3FT2, 3FT3, 3FT4, 3GIV, 3GJF, 3GSN, 3GSO, 3GSQ, 3GSR, 3GSU, 3GSV, 3GSW, 3GSX, 3H7B, 3H9H, 3H9S, 3HAE, 3HCV, 3HG1, 3HLA, 3HPJ, 3HUJ, 3I6G, 3I6K, 3I6L, 3IB4, 3IXA, 3JTS, 3KLA, 3KPO, 3KPR, 3KPS, 3KWW, 3KXF, 3KYN, 3KYO, 3L3D, 3L3G, 3L3I, 3L3J, 3L3K, 3LKN, 3LKO, 3LKP, 3LKQ, 3LKR, 3LKS, 3LN4, 3LN5, 3LOW, 3LV3, 3M17, 3M1B, 3MGO, 3MGT, 3MR9, 3MRB, 3MRC, 3MRD, 3MRE, 3MRF, 3MRG, 3MRH, 3MRI, 3MRJ, 3MRK, 3MRL, 3MRM, 3MRN, 3MRO, 3MRP, 3MRQ, 3MRR, 3MV7, 3MV8, 3MV9, 3MYJ, 3MYZ, 3MZT, 3NA4, 3NFN, 3O3A, 3O3B, 3O3D, 3O3E, 3O4L, 3OX8, 3OXR, 3OXS, 3PWJ, 3PWL, 3PWN, 3PWP, 3QDA, 3QDG, 3QDJ, 3QDM, 3QEQ, 3QFD, 3QFJ, 3QZW, 3RL1, 3RWJ, 3S6C, 3SDX, 3SJV, 3SKM, 3SKO, 3SPV, 3T8X, 3TID, 3TIE, 3TLR, 3TM6, 3TO2, 3TZV, 3U0P, 3UPR, 3UTQ, 3UTS, 3UTT, 3V5D, 3V5H, 3V5K, 3VCL, 3VFR, 3VFS, 3VFT, 3VFU, 3VFV, 3VFW, 3VH8, 3VRI, 3VRJ, 3VWJ, 3VWK, 3W39, 4E0K, 4E0L, 4E5X, 4EN3, 4EUP, 4F7M, 4F7P, 4F7T, 4FTV, 4FXL, 4G8G, 4G8I, 4G9D, 4G9F, 4GKS, 4GUP, 4HKJ, 4I4W, 4JFD, 4JFE, 4JFF, 4JFO, 4JFP, 4JFQ, 4JQX, 4JRX, 4JRY, 4K7F, 4KDT, 4L4T, 4L4V, 1CG9, 1N2R, 1P7Q, 1S8D, 1T1W, 1T1X, 1T1Y, 1T1Z, 1T20, 1T21, 1T22, 2AV1, 2FYY, 2FZ3, 2HJK, 3DX6, 3DX7, 3DX8, 3KPL, 3KPM, 3KPN, 3KPP, 3KPQ, 3LOZ, 3OV6, 3REW, 3RL2, 3VXM, 3VXN, 3VXO, 3VXP, 3VXR, 3VXS, 3VXU, 3W0W, 3WL9, 3WLB, 3WUW, 3X11, 3X12, 3X13, 3X14, 4GKN, 4HWZ, 4HX1, 4I48, 4K71, 4L29, 4L3C, 4L3E, 4LCW, 4LCY, 4LHU, 4LNR, 4M8V, 4MJ5, 4MJ6, 4MJI, 4MNQ, 4N0F, 4N0U, 4N8V, 4NNX, 4NNY, 4NO0, 4NO2, 4NO3, 4NO5, 4NQC, 4NQD, 4NQE, 4NQV, 4NQX, 4NT6, 4O2C, 4O2E, 4O2F, 4ONO, 4PJ5, 4PJ7, 4PJ8, 4PJ9, 4PJA, 4PJB, 4PJC, 4PJD, 4PJE, 4PJF, 4PJG, 4PJH, 4PJI, 4PJX, 4PR5, 4PRA, 4PRB, 4PRD, 4PRE, 4PRH, 4PRI, 4PRN, 4PRP, 4QOK, 4QRP, 4QRQ, 4QRR, 4QRS, 4QRT, 4QRU, 4U1H, 4U1I, 4U1J, 4U1K, 4U1L, 4U1M, 4U1N, 4U1S, 4U6X, 4U6Y, 4UQ2, 4UQ3, 4WJ5, 4WO4, 4WU5, 4WU7, 4X6C, 4X6D, 4X6E, 4X6F, 4XXC, 4WDI, 4Z76, 4Z77, 4Z78, 4R9H, 4RA3, 4RAH, 5D2L, 5D2N, 4WW2, 5DEG, 4RMT, 5DEF, 4RMW, 4RMV, 4RMR, 5D7J, 4RMQ, 4RMS, 4WWK, 5BXF, 5D5M, 5D7L, 4RMU, 4WUU, 5D7I, 5EU5, 5EO0, 5EO1, 5EU4, 5BRZ, 5EU6, 5BS0, 5EU3, 5C9J, 5D9S, 5HGA, 5C0D, 5C0B, 5C0I, 5C0A, 5B38, 5E9D, 5B39, 5C0H, 5HHN, 5HGD, 5C08, 5CFH, 5CKG, 4ZEZ, 5C0C, 5HGH, 5C0J, 5HHQ, 5DDH, 5HHM, 5HGB, 5C09, 5HYJ, 5CKA, 5C07, 5HHP, 5C0G, 5C0F, 5HHO, 5C0E
Identifiers
Aliases	B2M, entrez:567, IMD43, beta-2-microglobulin, Β2 microglobulin
External IDs	OMIM: 109700; MGI: 88127; HomoloGene: 2987; GeneCards: B2M; OMA:B2M - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 15 (human)
End	44,718,851 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 2 (mouse)
End	121,983,564 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	white blood cell; ; monocyte; ; gallbladder; ; granulocyte; ; appendix; ; lymph node; ; right lung; ; spleen; ; upper lobe of left lung; ; rectum;
	Top expressed in
	seminal vesicula; ; lymph node; ; submandibular gland; ; mesenteric lymph nodes; ; right lung; ; white adipose tissue; ; right lung lobe; ; spleen; ; subcutaneous adipose tissue; ; thymus;
	More reference expression data
	; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein binding; identical protein binding;
Cellular component	HFE-transferrin receptor complex; Golgi apparatus; phagocytic vesicle membrane; early endosome membrane; endoplasmic reticulum lumen; membrane; focal adhesion; Golgi membrane; plasma membrane; extracellular region; MHC class I protein complex; ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane; early endosome lumen; extracellular exosome; external side of plasma membrane; extracellular space; cytosol; cell surface; specific granule lumen; recycling endosome membrane; tertiary granule lumen; MHC class I peptide loading complex;
Biological process	positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis; cellular response to iron ion; response to cadmium ion; negative regulation of receptor binding; negative regulation of neuron projection development; antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-dependent; T cell differentiation in thymus; immune system process; interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway; antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I; iron ion homeostasis; positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity; mitigation of host defenses by virus; antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-independent; regulation of membrane depolarization; antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I; positive regulation of ferrous iron binding; positive regulation of transferrin receptor binding; retina homeostasis; positive regulation of T cell cytokine production; protein refolding; immune response; regulation of immune response; positive regulation of receptor binding; positive regulation of protein binding; innate immune response; cellular response to lipopolysaccharide; response to molecule of bacterial origin; antigen processing and presentation of exogenous protein antigen via MHC class Ib, TAP-dependent; iron ion transport; neutrophil degranulation; regulation of erythrocyte differentiation; cellular response to iron(III) ion; antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide; positive regulation of iron ion import across plasma membrane; regulation of iron ion transport;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	567
	12010
	ENSG00000166710; ENSG00000273686
	ENSMUSG00000060802
	P61769
	P01887
	NM_004048
	NM_009735
	NP_004039
	NP_033865
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

β₂ microglobulin (B2M) is a component of MHC class I molecules. MHC class I molecules have α₁, α₂, and α₃ proteins which are present on all nucleated cells (excluding red blood cells).^[5]^[6] In humans, the β₂ microglobulin protein^[7] is encoded by the B2M gene.^[6]^[8]

^ ^a ^b ^c ENSG00000273686 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000166710, ENSG00000273686 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000060802 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Entrez Gene: Beta-2-microglobulin".
^ ^a ^b Güssow D, Rein R, Ginjaar I, Hochstenbach F, Seemann G, Kottman A, et al. (November 1987). "The human beta 2-microglobulin gene. Primary structure and definition of the transcriptional unit". Journal of Immunology. 139 (9): 3132–8. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.139.9.3132. PMID 3312414. S2CID 38290153.
^ Cunningham BA, Wang JL, Berggård I, Peterson PA (November 1973). "The complete amino acid sequence of beta 2-microglobulin". Biochemistry. 12 (24): 4811–22. doi:10.1021/bi00748a001. PMID 4586824.
^ Suggs SV, Wallace RB, Hirose T, Kawashima EH, Itakura K (November 1981). "Use of synthetic oligonucleotides as hybridization probes: isolation of cloned cDNA sequences for human beta 2-microglobulin". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 78 (11): 6613–7. Bibcode:1981PNAS...78.6613S. doi:10.1073/pnas.78.11.6613. PMC 349099. PMID 6171820.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] ENSG00000273686 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000166710, ENSG00000273686 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000060802 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez_567-5] "Entrez Gene: Beta-2-microglobulin".

[pmid3312414-6] Güssow D, Rein R, Ginjaar I, Hochstenbach F, Seemann G, Kottman A, et al. (November 1987). "The human beta 2-microglobulin gene. Primary structure and definition of the transcriptional unit". Journal of Immunology. 139 (9): 3132–8. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.139.9.3132. PMID 3312414. S2CID 38290153.

[pmid4586824-7] Cunningham BA, Wang JL, Berggård I, Peterson PA (November 1973). "The complete amino acid sequence of beta 2-microglobulin". Biochemistry. 12 (24): 4811–22. doi:10.1021/bi00748a001. PMID 4586824.

[pmid6171820-8] Suggs SV, Wallace RB, Hirose T, Kawashima EH, Itakura K (November 1981). "Use of synthetic oligonucleotides as hybridization probes: isolation of cloned cDNA sequences for human beta 2-microglobulin". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 78 (11): 6613–7. Bibcode:1981PNAS...78.6613S. doi:10.1073/pnas.78.11.6613. PMC 349099. PMID 6171820.

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