Birth rate, also known as natality, is the total number of live human births per 1,000 population for a given period divided by the length of the period in years.[1] The number of live births is normally taken from a universal registration system for births; population counts from a census, and estimation through specialized demographic techniques.[clarification needed] The birth rate (along with mortality and migration rates) is used to calculate population growth. The estimated average population may be taken as the mid-year population.[2][3]
When the crude death rate is subtracted from the crude birth rate (CBR), the result is the rate of natural increase (RNI).[4] This is equal to the rate of population change (excluding migration).[4]
The total (crude) birth rate (which includes all births)—typically indicated as births per 1,000 population—is distinguished from a set of age-specific rates (the number of births per 1,000 persons, or more usually 1,000 females, in each age group).[5] The first known use of the term "birth rate" in English was in 1856.[6]
Years | CBR | Years | CBR |
---|---|---|---|
1950–1955 | 36.9 | 2000–2005 | 21.0 |
1955–1960 | 35.4 | 2005–2010 | 20.3 |
1960–1965 | 35.2 | 2010–2015 | 19.5 |
1965–1970 | 34.0 | 2015–2020 | 18.5 |
1970–1975 | 31.4 | 2020–2025 | 17.5 |
1975–1980 | 28.5 | 2025–2030 | 16.6 |
1980–1985 | 27.7 | 2030–2035 | 16.0 |
1985–1990 | 27.4 | 2035–2040 | 15.5 |
1990–1995 | 24.2 | 2040–2045 | 15.0 |
1995–2000 | 22.2 | 2045–2050 | 14.6 |
The average global birth rate was 18.1 births per 1,000 total population in 2021.[8] The death rate was 7.7 per 1,000. The RNI was thus 1.6 percent. In 2012, the average global birth rate was 19.611 according to the World Bank[9] and 19.15 births per 1,000 total population according to the CIA,[10] compared to 20.09 per 1,000 total population in 2007.[11]
The 2021 average of 18.1 births per 1,000 total population equates to approximately 4.3 births per second or about 259 births per minute for the world.[8]
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