Blockadia

Blockadia
Blockadia
Non-violent civil movements against extractivist projects.
	Graffiti of a common Blockadia movement protest phrase, "Keep the oil in the soil," a protest against extracting natural resources by large corporations
Location	Worldwide
Caused by	Extractivism; Environmental conflict; Corporate environmental responsibility;
Methods	Nonviolence; nonviolent resistance; civil disobedience;

Blockadia is a global anti-extractivism movement;^[1] and a roving, transnational conflict zone where everyday people obstruct development of extractive projects, especially in the fossil fuel industry.^[1]^[2]^[3] Blockadia resistance movements differ from mainstream environmentalism by use of confrontational tactics such as civil disobedience, mass arrests, lockdowns, and blockades to contest perceived threats arising from extractivist projects’ contributions to global climate change and local environmental injustice. These movements are also sometimes referred to as "leave fossil fuels underground" (LFFU) movements.^[4] Some researchers have concluded that Blockadia movements aim to contribute to a transition toward a more just society.^[5] Increasing use of Blockadia tactics may indicate that more people are losing trust in capitalism’s ability to avert a climate crisis.^[1]^[2]

While many examples of Blockadia movements exist worldwide, researcher Joan Martínez-Alier find that many include collective organizing against some or all of the following injustices: violation of human rights, contamination of water and soil, air pollution, unjust land and water acquisition, loss of biodiversity, health impacts, and poor working conditions.^[4]

^ ^a ^b ^c Chen, Sibo (2021-12-02). "The rise of blockadia as a global anti-extractivism movement". Local Environment. 26 (12): 1423–1428. doi:10.1080/13549839.2021.1969352. ISSN 1354-9839. S2CID 238736509.
^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b Martínez-Alier, Joan (2023-12-12), "Blockadia and climate justice: LFFU movements", Land, Water, Air and Freedom, Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 313–349, ISBN 978-1-0353-1277-1, retrieved 2025-03-27
^ Thiri, May Aye; Villamayor-Tomás, Sergio; Scheidel, Arnim; Demaria, Federico (May 2022). "How social movements contribute to staying within the global carbon budget: Evidence from a qualitative meta-analysis of case studies". Ecological Economics. 195: 107356. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2022.107356. ISSN 0921-8009.

[:0-1] Chen, Sibo (2021-12-02). "The rise of blockadia as a global anti-extractivism movement". Local Environment. 26 (12): 1423–1428. doi:10.1080/13549839.2021.1969352. ISSN 1354-9839. S2CID 238736509.

[:1-2] Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[:2-3] Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[:4-4] Martínez-Alier, Joan (2023-12-12), "Blockadia and climate justice: LFFU movements", Land, Water, Air and Freedom, Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 313–349, ISBN 978-1-0353-1277-1, retrieved 2025-03-27

[5] Thiri, May Aye; Villamayor-Tomás, Sergio; Scheidel, Arnim; Demaria, Federico (May 2022). "How social movements contribute to staying within the global carbon budget: Evidence from a qualitative meta-analysis of case studies". Ecological Economics. 195: 107356. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2022.107356. ISSN 0921-8009.

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