Neurotoxic protein produced by Clostridium botulinum
Botulinum toxin A Trade names Botox, Myobloc, Jeuveau, others Other names BoNT, botox Biosimilars abobotulinumtoxinA, daxibotulinumtoxinA, daxibotulinumtoxinA-lanm, evabotulinumtoxinA, incobotulinumtoxinA, letibotulinumtoxinA, letibotulinumtoxinA-wlbg,[ 1] onabotulinumtoxinA, prabotulinumtoxinA, relabotulinumtoxinA, rimabotulinumtoxinB AHFS /Drugs.com MedlinePlus a619021 License data
Pregnancy category Routes of administration Intramuscular , subcutaneous , intradermal ATC code Legal status
CAS Number DrugBank ChemSpider UNII KEGG ECHA InfoCard 100.088.372 Formula C 6760 H 10447 N 1743 O 2010 S 32 Molar mass 149323 .05 g·mol−1 N Y (what is this?) (verify)
Botulinum toxin , or botulinum neurotoxin (commonly called botox ), is a highly potent neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and related species.[ 23] It prevents the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from axon endings at the neuromuscular junction , thus causing flaccid paralysis .[ 24] The toxin causes the disease botulism .[ 25] The toxin is also used commercially for medical and cosmetic purposes.[ 26] [ 27] Botulinum toxin is an acetylcholine release inhibitor and a neuromuscular blocking agent.[ 1] [ 22]
The seven main types of botulinum toxin are named types A to G (A, B, C1, C2, D, E, F and G).[ 26] [ 28] New types are occasionally found.[ 29] [ 30] Types A and B are capable of causing disease in humans, and are also used commercially and medically.[ 31] [ 32] [ 33] Types C–G are less common; types E and F can cause disease in humans, while the other types cause disease in other animals.[ 34]
Botulinum toxins are among the most potent toxins known to science.[ 35] [ 36] Intoxication can occur naturally as a result of either wound or intestinal infection or by ingesting formed toxin in food. The estimated human median lethal dose of type A toxin is 1.3–2.1 ng /kg intravenously or intramuscularly , 10–13 ng/kg when inhaled, or 1000 ng/kg when taken by mouth.[ 37]
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^ a b "Daxxify- botulinum toxin type a injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution" . DailyMed . 19 September 2022. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 27 September 2022 .
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