Brazilian War of Independence

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Brazilian War of Independence" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Brazilian War of Independence
Part of the decolonization of the Americas
The Portuguese Cortes; Portuguese troops in Brazil, Pedro I on board the frigate União; Pedro I declares the Independence of Brazil, Pedro I crowned Emperor of Brazil.
Date 29 August 1821 – 8 March 1824 (2 years, 6 months, 1 week and 1 day) Location Brazil (including what is now Uruguay) Result Brazilian victory Brazilian independence Territorial unity of the Brazilian Empire Treaty of Rio de Janeiro Portuguese recognition of the Brazilian Empire Dissolution of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves End of Portuguese colonization of the Americas
Belligerents
Brazilian rebels (1822)  Empire of Brazil	Portuguese Empire Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves Kingdom of Brazil
Commanders and leaders
Pedro I Baron of Laguna Joaquim Curado Viscount of Majé [pt] Viscount of Pirajá [pt] Thomas Cochrane John Pascoe Grenfell Pierre Labatut	John VI Madeira de Melo Jorge de Avilez Luís do Rego Cunha Fidié (pt) Álvaro de Macedo (pt) Luís d'Oliveira [pt] José de Moura(pt)
Units involved
Imperial Army Imperial Navy Brazilian militia	Portuguese Army Portuguese Navy
Strength
27,000 regulars & militia (including European mercenaries) 90 ships	18,000 regulars 55 ships
Casualties and losses
5,700–6,200 killed

The Brazilian War of Independence (Portuguese: Guerra de Independência do Brasil) was waged between the newly independent Brazilian Empire and the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves, which had just undergone the Liberal Revolution of 1820.^[1] It lasted from February 1822, when the first skirmishes took place, to March 1824, with the surrender of the Portuguese garrison in Montevideo. The war was fought on land and sea and involved both regular forces and civilian militia. Land and naval battles took place in the territories of Bahia, Cisplatina and Rio de Janeiro provinces, the vice-kingdom of Grão-Pará, and in Maranhão and Pernambuco, which today are part of Ceará, Piauí and Rio Grande do Norte states.

There is a shortage of reliable casualty data.^[2] Casualty estimates are based on contemporary reports of battles and historical data, and range between a total of 5,700 to 6,200.