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Brimstone (missile)

Brimstone
A triplet of single-mode Brimstone missiles
TypeAir-to-surface missile
Surface-to-surface missile
Place of originUnited Kingdom
Service history
In service2005
Used byRoyal Air Force
Royal Saudi Air Force
German Air Force
Armed Forces of Ukraine
WarsOperation Telic
Operation Herrick
Operation Ellamy
Operation Shader
Russo-Ukrainian War
Production history
DesignerGEC-Marconi
Designed1996
ManufacturerMBDA UK, Henlow
Unit cost(Dual mode variant)
£105,000/unit[1][needs update]
£175,000 inc. development[2][needs update]
Produced1999
Variants
  • Single mode
  • Dual mode sensor
  • Brimstone 2
  • Brimstone 3
Specifications
Mass50 kg (110 lb)[3][4]
Length1.8 m (71 in)[3][4]
Diameter180 mm (7.1 in)[3][4]
Warhead6.3 kg (14 lb) HEAT tandem shaped warhead[5]
Detonation
mechanism
Crush (impact) fuze
Command fuze[5]
EngineSolid-fuel rocket
Operational
range
  • Brimstone I
    20+ km (12+ mi) from fixed wing, 12 km (7.5 mi) from rotor wing
  • Brimstone II
    60+ km (37+ mi) from fixed wing, 40+ km (25+ mi) from rotor wing[6]
Maximum speed Supersonic, ~450 m/s (~ Mach 1.3)
Guidance
system
94-GHz millimetric-wave active radar homing and INS autopilot; dual-mode, II, and III adds laser guidance[7]
Steering
system
Flight control surfaces
AccuracySub-1 m CEP[7][N 1]
Launch
platform

Brimstone is a ground or air-launched ground attack missile developed by MBDA UK for the UK's Royal Air Force.[9] It was originally intended for "fire-and-forget" use against mass formations of enemy armour, using a millimetre wave (mmW) active radar homing seeker to ensure accuracy even against moving targets. Experience in Afghanistan led to the addition of laser guidance in the dual-mode Brimstone missile, allowing a "spotter" to pick out specific and the highest priority targets, particularly useful to minimise collateral damage when friendly forces or civilians were in the area. The tandem shaped-charge warhead is much more effective against modern tanks than older similar weapons such as the AGM-65G Maverick missile. Three Brimstones are carried on a launcher that occupies a single weapon station, allowing a single aircraft to carry many missiles.

After a protracted development programme, single-mode or "millimetric" Brimstone entered service with RAF Tornado aircraft in 2005, and the dual-mode variant in 2008. The latter was used extensively in Afghanistan and Libya. An improved Brimstone 2 was expected to enter service in October 2012, but problems with the new warhead from TDW and the ROXEL rocket motor put back the planned date to November 2015.[citation needed] MBDA is studying the use of Brimstone on ships, attack helicopters, UAVs, and from surface launchers. However, it will not be integrated on the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II.[10][11] Germany, Qatar and Saudi Arabia have purchased the missile. The cost per missile has been quoted as £175,000 each in 2015,[12] or "over £100,000".[13][needs update]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Harding was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ "Written Answers to Questions". House of Commons. 17 May 2011.
  3. ^ a b c "BRIMSTONE". MBDA. Archived from the original on 2020-07-27.
  4. ^ a b c "BRIMSTONE datasheet 2" (PDF). MBDA. 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-08-13.
  5. ^ a b "Brimstone Missile". Missile Defense Project at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). 30 July 2021.
  6. ^ "New British Brimstone 2 Missiles Are Bad News for Russian Tanks, Artillery, Air Defense and Command Posts". Forbes.
  7. ^ a b "Pictures: Brimstone 2 passes test against high-speed vehicle". 21 October 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  8. ^ "Brimstone Reaper integration still in the pipeline". Flightglobal. 18 March 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
  9. ^ "Brimstone Advanced Anti-Armour Missile". Retrieved 15 April 2023.
  10. ^ Corfield, Gareth (27 January 2017). "National Audit Office: UK's military is buying more than it can afford". The Register.
  11. ^ Baldwin, Harriett (17 January 2017). "Military Aircraft:Written question". UK Parliament.
  12. ^ _benkatz, Benjamin D. Katz (3 December 2015). "Brimstone Missile Joins Syria War as U.K. Hits Islamic State". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  13. ^ "Who, What, Why: What is the Brimstone missile?". BBC News Online Magazine. 4 December 2015.


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