Brook of Egypt

The Besor stream (*Nahal HaBesor*) and nearby streams, with the Bronze and Early Iron Age sites and modern towns of the area.

The Brook of Egypt (Hebrew: נַחַל מִצְרַיִם, romanized: naḥal mitzrayim, lit. 'wadi of Egypt'^[1]) is a wadi identified in the Hebrew Bible as forming the southernmost border of the Land of Israel.^[2] A number of scholars in the past identified it with Wadi al-Arish,^[3] an ephemeral river flowing into the Mediterranean sea near the Egyptian city of Arish, while other scholars, including Israeli archaeologist Nadav Na'aman and the Italian Mario Liverani believe that the Besor stream, just to the south of Gaza, is the landform referenced in the Bible.^[4]^[5] A related phrase is nahar mitzrayim ('river of Egypt'), used in Genesis 15:18.

^ NRSV. The name Brook of Egypt is used in some English translations of the Bible (e.g., JPS 1917, NKJV, NLT).
^ Görg, M. (1992). Freedman, David Noel (ed.). Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary. New York: Doubleday. s.v. “Egypt, Brook of”.
^ M. Patrick Graham; William P. Brown; Jeffrey K. Kuan (1 November 1993). History and Interpretation: Essays in Honour of John H. Hayes. A&C Black. p. 204. ISBN 978-0-567-26995-9.
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[1] NRSV. The name Brook of Egypt is used in some English translations of the Bible (e.g., JPS 1917, NKJV, NLT).

[2] Görg, M. (1992). Freedman, David Noel (ed.). Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary. New York: Doubleday. s.v. “Egypt, Brook of”.

[GrahamBrown1993-3] M. Patrick Graham; William P. Brown; Jeffrey K. Kuan (1 November 1993). History and Interpretation: Essays in Honour of John H. Hayes. A&C Black. p. 204. ISBN 978-0-567-26995-9.

[:0-4] Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[:1-5] Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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