By the Grace of God

By the Grace of God (Latin: Dei Gratia, abbreviated D.G.) is a formulaic phrase used especially in Christian monarchies as an introductory part of the full styles of a monarch. In England and later the United Kingdom, the phrase was formally added to the royal style in 1521 and continues to be used.^[1] It is also used by bishops.^[2] For example, on UK coinage, the abbreviation DG appears today.

^ Woodacre, Elena; Dean, Lucinda H. S.; Jones, Chris; Rohr, Zita; Martin, Russell (2019-06-12). The Routledge History of Monarchy. Routledge. pp. 131–149. ISBN 978-1-351-78730-7.
^ McClintock, John (1868). Cyclopaedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature: C, D. Harper. p. 730. ISBN 978-0-8370-1746-4. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)

[1] Woodacre, Elena; Dean, Lucinda H. S.; Jones, Chris; Rohr, Zita; Martin, Russell (2019-06-12). The Routledge History of Monarchy. Routledge. pp. 131–149. ISBN 978-1-351-78730-7.

[2] McClintock, John (1868). Cyclopaedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature: C, D. Harper. p. 730. ISBN 978-0-8370-1746-4. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)

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