CD14

CD14
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	4GLP
Identifiers
Aliases	CD14, entrez:929, CD14 molecule
External IDs	OMIM: 158120; MGI: 88318; HomoloGene: 493; GeneCards: CD14; OMA:CD14 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 5 (human)
End	140,633,700 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 18 (mouse)
End	36,859,851 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	monocyte; ; granulocyte; ; right lobe of liver; ; right coronary artery; ; blood; ; left adrenal gland; ; left adrenal cortex; ; right adrenal gland; ; synovial joint; ; gallbladder;
	Top expressed in
	lactiferous gland; ; granulocyte; ; ankle joint; ; stroma of bone marrow; ; endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel; ; Ileal epithelium; ; cervix; ; right lung lobe; ; left colon; ; submandibular gland;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	lipopolysaccharide binding; opsonin receptor activity; lipoteichoic acid binding; protein binding; peptidoglycan immune receptor activity; lipopeptide binding;
Cellular component	Golgi apparatus; membrane; plasma membrane; extracellular region; cell surface; lipopolysaccharide receptor complex; anchored component of external side of plasma membrane; membrane raft; anchored component of membrane; endosome membrane; extracellular exosome; external side of plasma membrane; extracellular space; secretory granule membrane;
Biological process	toll-like receptor TLR1:TLR2 signaling pathway; response to bacterium; toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway; immune system process; cellular response to diacyl bacterial lipopeptide; positive regulation of interferon-gamma production; response to magnesium ion; response to heat; response to electrical stimulus; MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway; receptor-mediated endocytosis; cellular response to triacyl bacterial lipopeptide; TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway; response to tumor necrosis factor; positive regulation of endocytosis; cell surface receptor signaling pathway; response to lipopolysaccharide; cellular response to lipoteichoic acid; phagocytosis; positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production; inflammatory response; response to ethanol; I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling; toll-like receptor TLR6:TLR2 signaling pathway; cellular response to lipopolysaccharide; response to molecule of bacterial origin; positive regulation of type I interferon production; lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway; MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway; apoptotic process; innate immune response; necroptosis; negative regulation of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway; apoptotic signaling pathway; toll-like receptor signaling pathway; neutrophil degranulation; positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	929
	12475
	ENSG00000170458
	ENSMUSG00000051439
	P08571
	P10810
	NM_001174105; NM_000591; NM_001040021; NM_001174104
	NM_009841
	NP_000582; NP_001035110; NP_001167575; NP_001167576
	NP_033971
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

CD14 (cluster of differentiation 14) is a human protein made mostly by macrophages as part of the innate immune system.^[5]^[6] It helps to detect bacteria in the body by binding lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP).

CD14 exists in two forms, one anchored to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) tail (mCD14), the other a soluble form (sCD14). Soluble CD14 either appears after shedding of mCD14 (48 kDa) or is directly secreted from intracellular vesicles (56 kDa).^[7]

The x-ray crystal structure of human CD14 reveals a monomeric, bent solenoid structure containing a hydrophobic amino-terminal pocket.^[8]

CD14 was the first described pattern recognition receptor.

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000170458 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000051439 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Setoguchi M, Nasu N, Yoshida S, Higuchi Y, Akizuki S, Yamamoto S (July 1989). "Mouse and human CD14 (myeloid cell-specific leucine-rich glycoprotein) primary structure deduced from cDNA clones". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression. 1008 (2): 213–222. doi:10.1016/0167-4781(80)90012-3. PMID 2472171.
^ Simmons DL, Tan S, Tenen DG, Nicholson-Weller A, Seed B (January 1989). "Monocyte antigen CD14 is a phospholipid anchored membrane protein". Blood. 73 (1): 284–289. doi:10.1182/blood.V73.1.284.284. PMID 2462937.
^ Kirkland TN, Viriyakosol S (1998). "Structure-function analysis of soluble and membrane-bound CD14". Progress in Clinical and Biological Research. 397: 79–87. PMID 9575549.
^ Kelley SL, Lukk T, Nair SK, Tapping RI (February 2013). "The crystal structure of human soluble CD14 reveals a bent solenoid with a hydrophobic amino-terminal pocket". Journal of Immunology. 190 (3): 1304–1311. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1202446. PMC 3552104. PMID 23264655.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000170458 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000051439 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid2472171-5] Setoguchi M, Nasu N, Yoshida S, Higuchi Y, Akizuki S, Yamamoto S (July 1989). "Mouse and human CD14 (myeloid cell-specific leucine-rich glycoprotein) primary structure deduced from cDNA clones". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression. 1008 (2): 213–222. doi:10.1016/0167-4781(80)90012-3. PMID 2472171.

[pmid2462937-6] Simmons DL, Tan S, Tenen DG, Nicholson-Weller A, Seed B (January 1989). "Monocyte antigen CD14 is a phospholipid anchored membrane protein". Blood. 73 (1): 284–289. doi:10.1182/blood.V73.1.284.284. PMID 2462937.

[pmid9575549-7] Kirkland TN, Viriyakosol S (1998). "Structure-function analysis of soluble and membrane-bound CD14". Progress in Clinical and Biological Research. 397: 79–87. PMID 9575549.

[pmid23264655-8] Kelley SL, Lukk T, Nair SK, Tapping RI (February 2013). "The crystal structure of human soluble CD14 reveals a bent solenoid with a hydrophobic amino-terminal pocket". Journal of Immunology. 190 (3): 1304–1311. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1202446. PMC 3552104. PMID 23264655.

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