CD19

CD19
Identifiers
Aliases	CD19, B4, CVID3, CD19 molecule
External IDs	OMIM: 107265; MGI: 88319; HomoloGene: 1341; GeneCards: CD19; OMA:CD19 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 16 (human)
End	28,939,342 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 7 (mouse)
End	126,014,061 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	spleen; ; lymph node; ; appendix; ; granulocyte; ; mucosa of ileum; ; epithelium of nasopharynx; ; bone marrow cells; ; testicle; ; blood; ; tonsil;
	Top expressed in
	mesenteric lymph nodes; ; spleen; ; blood; ; granulocyte; ; subcutaneous adipose tissue; ; bone marrow; ; thymus; ; tunica adventitia of aorta; ; tunica media of zone of aorta; ; morula;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein binding; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase activity;
Cellular component	integral component of membrane; plasma membrane; integral component of plasma membrane; extracellular exosome; membrane; external side of plasma membrane; protein-containing complex; membrane raft;
Biological process	cellular defense response; cell surface receptor signaling pathway; regulation of immune response; positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol; phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic process; B cell receptor signaling pathway; regulation of complement activation; positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling; B-1 B cell differentiation; B cell proliferation involved in immune response; immunoglobulin mediated immune response; B cell mediated immunity; positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity; antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway; regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway; regulation of B cell activation; adaptive immune response; immune system process;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	930
	12478
	ENSG00000177455
	ENSMUSG00000030724
	P15391
	P25918
	NM_001178098; NM_001770; NM_001385732
	NM_009844; NM_001357091
	NP_001171569; NP_001761
	NP_033974; NP_001344020
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

B-lymphocyte antigen CD19, also known as CD19 molecule (Cluster of Differentiation 19), B-Lymphocyte Surface Antigen B4, T-Cell Surface Antigen Leu-12 and CVID3 is a transmembrane protein that in humans is encoded by the gene CD19.^[5]^[6] In humans, CD19 is expressed in all B lineage cells.^[7]^[8] Contrary to some early doubts, human plasma cells do express CD19,^[9] as confirmed by others.^[10] CD19 plays two major roles in human B cells: on the one hand, it acts as an adaptor protein to recruit cytoplasmic signaling proteins to the membrane; on the other, it works within the CD19/CD21 complex to decrease the threshold for B cell receptor signaling pathways. Due to its presence on all B cells, it is a biomarker for B lymphocyte development, lymphoma diagnosis and can be utilized as a target for leukemia immunotherapies.^[8]

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000177455 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000030724 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Entrez Gene: CD19 CD19 molecule".
^ Tedder TF, Isaacs CM (July 1989). "Isolation of cDNAs encoding the CD19 antigen of human and mouse B lymphocytes. A new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily". Journal of Immunology. 143 (2): 712–7. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.143.2.712. PMID 2472450. S2CID 22081793.
^ Schroeder HW, Rich RR (2013). "Chapter 4: Antigen receptor genes, gene products, and co-receptors". Clinical immunology: Principles and Practice (4th ed.). London. pp. 47–51. ISBN 978-0-7234-3691-1. OCLC 823736017.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ ^a ^b Scheuermann RH, Racila E (August 1995). "CD19 antigen in leukemia and lymphoma diagnosis and immunotherapy". Leukemia & Lymphoma. 18 (5–6): 385–97. doi:10.3109/10428199509059636. PMID 8528044.
^ Merville P, Déchanet J, Desmoulière A, Durand I, de Bouteiller O, Garrone P, et al. (January 1996). "Bcl-2+ tonsillar plasma cells are rescued from apoptosis by bone marrow fibroblasts". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 183 (1): 227–36. doi:10.1084/jem.183.1.227. PMC 2192413. PMID 8551226.
^ Martín P, Santón A, Bellas C (April 2004). "Neural cell adhesion molecule expression in plasma cells in bone marrow biopsies and aspirates allows discrimination between multiple myeloma, monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance and polyclonal plasmacytosis". Histopathology. 44 (4): 375–80. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2004.01834.x. PMID 15049904. S2CID 45937555.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000177455 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000030724 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-5] "Entrez Gene: CD19 CD19 molecule".

[pmid2472450-6] Tedder TF, Isaacs CM (July 1989). "Isolation of cDNAs encoding the CD19 antigen of human and mouse B lymphocytes. A new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily". Journal of Immunology. 143 (2): 712–7. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.143.2.712. PMID 2472450. S2CID 22081793.

[Schroeder_2013-7] Schroeder HW, Rich RR (2013). "Chapter 4: Antigen receptor genes, gene products, and co-receptors". Clinical immunology: Principles and Practice (4th ed.). London. pp. 47–51. ISBN 978-0-7234-3691-1. OCLC 823736017.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[Scheuermann_1995-8] Scheuermann RH, Racila E (August 1995). "CD19 antigen in leukemia and lymphoma diagnosis and immunotherapy". Leukemia & Lymphoma. 18 (5–6): 385–97. doi:10.3109/10428199509059636. PMID 8528044.

[9] Merville P, Déchanet J, Desmoulière A, Durand I, de Bouteiller O, Garrone P, et al. (January 1996). "Bcl-2+ tonsillar plasma cells are rescued from apoptosis by bone marrow fibroblasts". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 183 (1): 227–36. doi:10.1084/jem.183.1.227. PMC 2192413. PMID 8551226.

[10] Martín P, Santón A, Bellas C (April 2004). "Neural cell adhesion molecule expression in plasma cells in bone marrow biopsies and aspirates allows discrimination between multiple myeloma, monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance and polyclonal plasmacytosis". Histopathology. 44 (4): 375–80. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2004.01834.x. PMID 15049904. S2CID 45937555.

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