Campaign of Danture | |||||||
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Part of the Sinhalese–Portuguese War | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
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Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Pedro Lopes de Sousa † Francisco da Silva D. Gastão Coutinho † Francisco de Brito † Jayavira Bandara Mudali † |
Vimaladharmasuriya I of Kandy Ekanayaka Mudali | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
On 5 July 1594
By 8 October 1594
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On 5 July 1594 10,000–20,000 men[8] (estimates range up to 40,000)[9] | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
A handful of Portuguese and Lascarins escaped back to Colombo; 93 Portuguese were captured; the majority of the Lascarins deserted; the rest of the army was killed[10] | Exact figures not known |
The Danture campaign comprised a series of encounters between the Portuguese and the Kingdom of Kandy in 1594, part of the Sinhalese–Portuguese War. It is considered a turning point in the indigenous resistance to Portuguese expansion. For the first time in Sri Lanka a Portuguese army was essentially annihilated, when they were on the verge of the total conquest of the island.[11] A 20,000-strong Portuguese army, led by Governor Pedro Lopes de Sousa, invaded Kandy on 5 July 1594. After three months, severely depleted by guerilla warfare and mass desertions, what remained of the Portuguese army was annihilated at Danture by the Kandyans under King Vimaladharmasuriya. With this victory, the Kingdom of Kandy emerged as a major military power; it was to retain its independence, against Portuguese, Dutch, and British armies, until 1815.[12]
Victory at Danture notwithstanding, only the mobile section of the Portuguese army in Ceylon was annihilated, while their strongholds remained intact, and so Kandy was unable to follow up with an advance into the lowlands. The Portuguese would in the future renew their offensive against Kandy under the reorganized forces of captain-general Dom Jerónimo de Azevedo, devastating Kandy in the process.[13]
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