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Cardinal electors in the 2013 papal conclave

Photograph of Pope Francis
Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio was elected Pope Francis by the conclave on 13 March 2013.

The papal conclave of 2013 was convened to elect a pope, the leader of the Catholic Church, to succeed Benedict XVI following his resignation on 28 February 2013. In accordance with the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis, which governed the vacancy of the Holy See, only cardinals who had not passed their 80th birthday on the day on which the Holy See became vacant (in this case, those who were born on or after 28 February 1933) were eligible to participate in the conclave.[1] Although not a formal requirement, the cardinal electors invariably elect the pope from among their number. The election was carried out by secret ballot (Latin: per scrutinium).[1]

Of the 207 members of the College of Cardinals at the time of Benedict XVI's resignation, there were 117 cardinal electors who were eligible to participate in the subsequent conclave.[a][3] Two cardinal electors did not participate, decreasing the number in attendance to 115.[4][5] The number of votes required to be elected pope with a two-thirds supermajority was 77.[1][6]

Of the 115 attending cardinal electors, 4 were cardinal bishops, 81 were cardinal priests, and 30 were cardinal deacons; 48 had been created cardinals by Pope John Paul II and 67 by Pope Benedict XVI; 29 worked in the service of the Holy See (such as in the Roman Curia), 61 were in pastoral ministry outside Rome, and 25 had retired. The oldest cardinal elector in the conclave was Walter Kasper, at the age of 79,[b][7] and the youngest was Baselios Cleemis Thottunkal, at the age of 53.[8] Another 90 cardinals were ineligible to participate in the conclave, for reasons of age.[3]

The cardinal electors entered the Sistine Chapel to begin the conclave on 12 March 2013.[9][10] On 13 March, after five ballots over two days, they elected Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio, Archbishop of Buenos Aires, who took the papal name Francis.[11][12]

  1. ^ a b c Pope John Paul II (22 February 1996). "Universi Dominici Gregis". The Holy See (Apostolic constitution). Libreria Editrice Vaticana. Archived from the original on 22 November 2019. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
  2. ^ "Honoré Card. Jean". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 2 August 2018. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  3. ^ a b "Lombardi: 12 Cardinal electors yet to arrive as 1st Congregation concludes". Vatican Radio. 4 March 2013. Archived from the original on 15 June 2015. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
  4. ^ "Briefing sulla Sesta e sulla Settima Congregazione Generale del Collegio Cardinalizio" [Press Conference on the Sixth and Seventh General Congregations of the College of Cardinals]. Sala Stampa della Santa Sede. 8 March 2013. Archived from the original on 11 September 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  5. ^ "Elenco dei Cardinali che entrano in Conclave secondo il loro rispettivo ordine e precedenza (Vescovi, Presbiteri, Diaconi)" [List of Cardinals entering into Conclave according to their respective order of precedence (Bishops, Priests, Deacons)]. Sala Stampa della Santa Sede (in Italian). 12 March 2013. Archived from the original on 3 May 2014. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
  6. ^ Pope Benedict XVI (11 June 2007). "De aliquis mutationibus in normis de electione Romani Pontificis". The Holy See (Motu proprio) (in Latin). Libreria Editrice Vaticana. Archived from the original on 4 December 2019. Retrieved 11 June 2007.
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference Kasper was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference Thottunkal was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ "L'ingresso in Conclave e il giuramento dei Cardinali elettori" [Entrance into the Conclave and the oath of the Cardinal electors]. Sala Stampa della Santa Sede (in Italian). 12 March 2013. Archived from the original on 4 May 2014. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
  10. ^ "Rome conclave: Cardinals begin voting for new Pope". BBC News. BBC. 12 March 2013. Archived from the original on 27 December 2017. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
  11. ^ "L'annuncio dell'elezione del Papa" [Announcement of the election of the Pope]. Sala Stampa della Santa Sede. 13 March 2013. Archived from the original on 4 October 2014. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
  12. ^ "Argentina's Jorge Mario Bergoglio elected Pope Francis". BBC News. BBC. 14 March 2013. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2013.


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