Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio

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Colonel Carlos Arana Osorio
Official portrait, 1970
35th President of Guatemala
In office July 1, 1970 (1970-07-01) – July 1, 1974 (1974-07-01)
Vice President	Eduardo Cáceres
Preceded by	Julio Méndez Montenegro
Succeeded by	Kjell Laugerud García
Personal details
Born	(1918-07-17)July 17, 1918 Barberena, Santa Rosa, Guatemala
Died	December 6, 2003(2003-12-06) (aged 85) Guatemala City, Guatemala
Political party	National Liberation Movement
Spouse	Álida España (died 1993)
Residence	Guatemala City
Occupation	Military
Military service
Allegiance	Guatemala
Branch/service	Guatemalan Army
Rank	General

Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio (July 17, 1918^[1] – December 6, 2003) was a military officer and politician who served as the 35th president of Guatemala from 1970 to 1974. A member of the National Liberation Movement, his government enforced torture, disappearances, and killings against political and military adversaries, as well as common criminals.

Arana was born in Barberena, in the department of Santa Rosa. A Colonel in the Army, he oversaw counterinsurgency efforts in Zacapa and Izabal, where thousands were killed by the military from 1966 to 1968. In July 1970, he became president following an electoral process generally considered "non-transparent" on a platform promising a crackdown on law-and-order issues and stability; his vice president was Eduardo Cáceres.

In November 1970, Arana imposed a "State of Siege," followed by heightened counterinsurgency measures. His government committed severe human rights violations and used state terrorism in its war against the guerrillas, including government-sponsored "death squads." Security forces regularly detained, disappeared, tortured, and extrajudicially executed political opponents, student leaders, suspected guerrilla sympathizers, and trade unionists. Arana's government received large-scale military support from the United States, including weapons, technical support, and military advisors. The Guatemalan Human Rights Commission estimated that 20,000 Guatemalans were killed or "disappeared" under the Arana administration.^[2]

Carlos Arana, a freemason, was the first of the string of Institutional Democratic Party military rulers who would dominate Guatemalan politics in the 1970s and 1980s (his predecessor, Julio Méndez Montenegro, while dominated by the army, was a civilian). He also served as the ambassador to Nicaragua.