Back Karnská pluviální epizoda Czech Raibl-Ereignis German Evento pluvial Carniense Spanish Épisode pluvial du Carnien French カーニアン多雨事象 Japanese Episòdi pluviau dau Carnian Occitan Карнийское плювиальное событие Russian Karniyen yağmur dönemi Turkish 卡尼期洪積事件 Chinese

Carnian pluvial episode

The Carnian pluvial episode (CPE), often called the Carnian pluvial event, was an interval of major change in global climate that was synchronous with significant changes in Earth's biota both in the sea and on land. It occurred during the latter part of the Carnian Stage, a subdivision of the late Triassic period, and lasted for perhaps 1–2 million years (around 234–232 million years ago).[6][7]

The CPE corresponds to a significant episode in the evolution and diversification of many taxa that are important today, among them some of the earliest dinosaurs (which include the ancestors of birds), lepidosaurs (the ancestors of modern-day snakes and lizards) and mammaliaforms (ancestors of mammals). In the marine realm it saw the first appearance among the microplankton of coccoliths and dinoflagellates,[8][7][9] with the latter linked to the rapid diversification of scleractinian corals through the establishment of symbiotic zooxanthellae within them. The CPE also saw the extinction of many aquatic invertebrate species, especially among the ammonoids, bryozoa, and crinoids.[6]

Evidence for the CPE is observed in Carnian strata worldwide, and in sediments of both terrestrial and marine environments. On land, the prevailing arid climate across much of the supercontinent Pangea shifted briefly to a hotter and more humid climate, with a significant increase in rainfall and runoff.[6][10][8][11][12] In the oceans, there was reduced deposition of carbonate minerals. This may reflect the extinction of many carbonate-forming organisms, but may also be due to a rise in the carbonate compensation depth, below which most carbonate shells dissolve and leave few carbonate particles on the ocean floor to form sediments.[13][14][15][16]

Climate change during the Carnian pluvial event is reflected in chemical changes in Carnian strata across the CPE, which suggest that global warming was prevalent at the time. This climate change was probably linked to the eruption of extensive flood basalts as the Wrangellia Terrane was accreted onto the northwestern end of the North American Plate.[10]

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  5. ^ Ogg, James G.; Ogg, Gabi M.; Gradstein, Felix M. (2016). "Triassic". A Concise Geologic Time Scale: 2016. Elsevier. pp. 133–149. ISBN 978-0-444-63771-0.
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  7. ^ a b Furin, S.; Preto, N.; Rigo, M.; Roghi, G.; Gianolla, P.; Crowley, J.L.; Bowring, S.A. (2006). "High-precision U-Pb zircon age from the Triassic of Italy: Implications for the Triassic time scale and the Carnian origin of calcareous nanoplankton, lepidosaurs, and dinosaurs". Geology. 34 (12): 1009–1012. doi:10.1130/g22967a.1.
  8. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference dawn was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Jones, M.E.H.; Anderson, C.L.; Hipsley, C.A.; Müller, J.; Evans, S.E.; Schoch, R. (2013). "Integration of molecules and new fossils supports a Triassic origin for Lepidosauria (lizards, snakes, and tuatara)". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 12: 208. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-208. PMC 4016551. PMID 24063680.
  10. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference DalCorsoetal2012 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Jiang, Haishui; Yuan, Jinling; Chen, Yan; Ogg, James G.; Yan, Jiaxin (15 April 2019). "Synchronous onset of the Mid-Carnian Pluvial Episode in the East and West Tethys: Conodont evidence from Hanwang, Sichuan, South China". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 520: 173–180. Bibcode:2019PPP...520..173J. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.02.004. S2CID 135408066. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
  12. ^ Li, Liqin; Kürschner, Wolfram M.; Lu, Ning; Chen, Hongyu; An, Pengcheng; Wang, Yongdong (September 2022). "Palynological record of the Carnian Pluvial Episode from the northwestern Sichuan Basin, SW China". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 304: 104704. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2022.104704. hdl:10852/99190. S2CID 249528886. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
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  16. ^ Rigo, M.; Preto, N.; Roghi, G.; Tateo, F.; Mietto, P. (2007). "A rise in the Carbonate Compensation Depth of western Tethys in the Carnian: deep-water evidence for the Carnian Pluvial Event". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 246: 188–205. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.09.013.

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