Cephalothorax

The cephalothorax, also called prosoma in some groups, is a tagma of various arthropods, comprising the head and the thorax fused together, as distinct from the abdomen behind.^[1] (The terms prosoma and opisthosoma are equivalent to cephalothorax and abdomen in some groups. The terms prosoma and opisthosoma may be preferred by some researchers in cases such as arachnids, where there is neither fossil nor embryonic evidence animals in this class have ever had separate heads and thoraxes, and where the opisthosoma contains organs atypical of a true abdomen, such as a heart and respiratory organs^[2]). The word cephalothorax is derived from the Greek words for head (κεφαλή, kephalé) and thorax (θώραξ, thórax).^[3] This fusion of the head and thorax is seen in chelicerates and crustaceans; in other groups, such as the Hexapoda (including insects), the head remains free of the thorax.^[1] In horseshoe crabs and many crustaceans, a hard shell called the carapace covers the cephalothorax.^[4]

^ ^a ^b Eldra Pearl Solomon, Linda R. Berg & Diana W. Martin (2004). "The animal kingdom: an introduction to animal diversity". Biology (7th ed.). Cengage Learning. pp. 534–549. ISBN 978-0-534-49276-2.
^ Shultz, Stanley; Shultz, Marguerite (2009). The Tarantula Keeper's Guide. Barron's. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-7641-3885-0.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Timothy J. Gibb & C. Y. Oseto (2006). "Glossary". Arthropod Collection and Identification: Field and Laboratory Techniques. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-369545-1.
^ Andrew J. Martinez (2003). "Arthropoda (crabs, shrimps, lobsters)". Marine Life of the North Atlantic: Canada to New England (3rd ed.). Aqua Quest Publications. pp. 144–175. ISBN 978-1-881652-32-8.

[Biology-1] Eldra Pearl Solomon, Linda R. Berg & Diana W. Martin (2004). "The animal kingdom: an introduction to animal diversity". Biology (7th ed.). Cengage Learning. pp. 534–549. ISBN 978-0-534-49276-2.

[2] Shultz, Stanley; Shultz, Marguerite (2009). The Tarantula Keeper's Guide. Barron's. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-7641-3885-0.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[3] Timothy J. Gibb & C. Y. Oseto (2006). "Glossary". Arthropod Collection and Identification: Field and Laboratory Techniques. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-369545-1.

[4] Andrew J. Martinez (2003). "Arthropoda (crabs, shrimps, lobsters)". Marine Life of the North Atlantic: Canada to New England (3rd ed.). Aqua Quest Publications. pp. 144–175. ISBN 978-1-881652-32-8.

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