Chandala

Chandala (Sanskrit: चण्डाल) is a Sanskrit word for someone who deals with the disposal of corpses, and is a Hindu lower caste,^[1] traditionally considered to be untouchable.^[2]^[3]

^ Viswanath, Rupa (2014). The Pariah Problem: Caste, Religion, and the Social in Modern India. Columbia University Press. p. 268. ISBN 978-0-23116-306-4. Panchama means "of the fifth," and therefore outside the fourfold classical system of caste, or varna. Avarna, similarly means those outside the varna system. Chandala is a term referring to "unclean" castes and is used as a vlur in many parts of India.
^ Chandrashekhar Bhat (1984). Ethnicity and Mobility. Concept publishing. pp. 2–3.
^ S. M. Michael (1999). Untouchable: Dalits in Modern India. Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp. 3–4. ISBN 9781555876975.

[Pariah-1] Viswanath, Rupa (2014). The Pariah Problem: Caste, Religion, and the Social in Modern India. Columbia University Press. p. 268. ISBN 978-0-23116-306-4. Panchama means "of the fifth," and therefore outside the fourfold classical system of caste, or varna. Avarna, similarly means those outside the varna system. Chandala is a term referring to "unclean" castes and is used as a vlur in many parts of India.

[Ethnicity-2] Chandrashekhar Bhat (1984). Ethnicity and Mobility. Concept publishing. pp. 2–3.

[Michael1999-3] S. M. Michael (1999). Untouchable: Dalits in Modern India. Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp. 3–4. ISBN 9781555876975.

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