Chechen genocide

Chechen genocide
Chechen genocide
Part of the Chechen–Russian conflict
	A Russian soldier stands on a mass grave of Chechens in Komsomolskoye, who were killed in the Second Chechen War, 2000
Location	North Caucasus
Date	1785 – 2017
Target	Chechens
Attack type	Genocide, population transfer, ethnic cleansing, massacre, starvation
Deaths	40,000 (1860); 400,000 including the peoples of Dagestan (1864); 123,000 to 400,000 including Ingush casualties (1944-1948); 50,000 to 130,000 in the First Chechen War (1994-1996); 30,000 to 80,000 in the Second Chechen War (1999-2009);
Perpetrators	Russian Empire and its successor states the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation
Motive	Russian imperialism, Russian nationalism, Russification, Anti-Chechen sentiment, Islamophobia, Racism

The Chechen genocide^[9] refers to the mass casualties carried out on the Chechen people during the various stages of the Russia–Chechnya conflict since the second half of the 18th to early 21st centuries.^[10]^[11] The term has no legal effect,^[12] although the European Parliament has recognized the 1944 forced deportation of Chechens, which killed an estimated 1/3-1/2 of the total Chechen population, as an act of genocide.^[13] The Ukrainian Rada has also condemned Russia's genocide of the Chechen people.

^ Maartje Abbenhuis, Gordon Morrell (2019). The First Age of Industrial Globalization: An International History 1815-1918. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 139. ISBN 9781474267113.
^ "Victimario Histórico Militar" [Historical Military Victim] (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 12 May 2022.
^ Richmond, Walter (2013) [1994]. The Circassian Genocide. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-6069-4.
^ "After 73 years, the memory of Stalin's deportation of Chechens and Ingush still haunts the survivors". OC Media.
^ Binet, Laurence (2014). War crimes and politics of terror in Chechnya 1994–2004 (PDF). Médecins Sans Frontières. p. 83.
^ Andrei, Sakharov (4 November 1999). "The Second Chechen War". Reliefweb. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
^ "North Caucasus Weekly from the Jamestown Foundation". Archived from the original on 10 October 2008.
^ Sarah Reinke: Schleichender Völkermord in Tschetschenien. Verschwindenlassen – ethnische Verfolgung in Russland – Scheitern der internationalen Politik. Gesellschaft für bedrohte Völker, 2005, page 8 (PDF Archived 12 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine)
^ Jones 2010, p. 203.
^ Nadskakuła 2013, pp. 51, 55, 61; Khizriev 2011, p. 27; Delmaev 2002; Anchabadze 2001, pp. 71, 82; Kaylan 2010; Pasquier 2002; Bunich 1995, p. 15; Glucksmann 2003; Tsekatunova 2009, p. 145; Mandeville 2002; European Parliament 2003
^ "Pravozashchitniki osudili razgon piketa v Moskve" Правозащитники осудили разгон пикета в Москве [Human rights activists condemned the dispersal of the picket in Moscow]. BBC News Russian Service (in Russian). 23 February 2004. Archived from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
^ Ghebali, V.-Y. (2014). Le rôle de l'OSCE en Eurasie, du sommet de Lisbonne au Conseil ministériel de Maastricht (1996–2003) [The role of the OSCE in Eurasia, from the Lisbon Summit to the Maastricht Ministerial Council (1996–2003)] (in French). Bruxelles: Bruylant. pp. 670–671. ISBN 978-2-8027-4477-1.
^ "Texts adopted - EU-Russia relations - Thursday, 26 February 2004". European Parliament. 26 February 2004. Archived from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 12 January 2023.

[1] Maartje Abbenhuis, Gordon Morrell (2019). The First Age of Industrial Globalization: An International History 1815-1918. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 139. ISBN 9781474267113.

[militari-2] "Victimario Histórico Militar" [Historical Military Victim] (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 12 May 2022.

[3] Richmond, Walter (2013) [1994]. The Circassian Genocide. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-6069-4.

[4] "After 73 years, the memory of Stalin's deportation of Chechens and Ingush still haunts the survivors". OC Media.

[5] Binet, Laurence (2014). War crimes and politics of terror in Chechnya 1994–2004 (PDF). Médecins Sans Frontières. p. 83.

[6] Andrei, Sakharov (4 November 1999). "The Second Chechen War". Reliefweb. Retrieved 31 July 2023.

[7] "North Caucasus Weekly from the Jamestown Foundation". Archived from the original on 10 October 2008.

[8] Sarah Reinke: Schleichender Völkermord in Tschetschenien. Verschwindenlassen – ethnische Verfolgung in Russland – Scheitern der internationalen Politik. Gesellschaft für bedrohte Völker, 2005, page 8 (PDF Archived 12 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine)

[FOOTNOTEJones2010203-9] Jones 2010, p. 203.

[10] Nadskakuła 2013, pp. 51, 55, 61; Khizriev 2011, p. 27; Delmaev 2002; Anchabadze 2001, pp. 71, 82; Kaylan 2010; Pasquier 2002; Bunich 1995, p. 15; Glucksmann 2003; Tsekatunova 2009, p. 145; Mandeville 2002; European Parliament 2003

[11] "Pravozashchitniki osudili razgon piketa v Moskve" Правозащитники осудили разгон пикета в Москве [Human rights activists condemned the dispersal of the picket in Moscow]. BBC News Russian Service (in Russian). 23 February 2004. Archived from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 8 August 2022.

[12] Ghebali, V.-Y. (2014). Le rôle de l'OSCE en Eurasie, du sommet de Lisbonne au Conseil ministériel de Maastricht (1996–2003) [The role of the OSCE in Eurasia, from the Lisbon Summit to the Maastricht Ministerial Council (1996–2003)] (in French). Bruxelles: Bruylant. pp. 670–671. ISBN 978-2-8027-4477-1.

[13] "Texts adopted - EU-Russia relations - Thursday, 26 February 2004". European Parliament. 26 February 2004. Archived from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 12 January 2023.

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