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Chengdu
成都 Chengtu | |
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City of Chengdu | |
Chengdu skyline with snowcapped mountains Chengdu skyline overlooking the Jin River | |
Nicknames: | |
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![]() Location of Chengdu City jurisdiction in Sichuan | |
Coordinates (Tianfu Square): 30°39′36″N 104°03′48″E / 30.66000°N 104.06333°E | |
Country | China |
Province | Sichuan |
Municipal seat | Wuhou District |
Divisions - County-level | 12 districts, 5 county-level cities, 3 counties |
Government | |
• Type | Sub-provincial city |
• Body | Chengdu Municipal People's Congress |
• CCP Secretary | Cao Lijun |
• Congress Chairman | Li Zhongbin |
• Mayor | Wang Fengchao |
• CPPCC Chairman | Zhang Shan |
Area | |
• Prefecture-level and sub-provincial city | 14,378.18 km2 (5,551.45 sq mi) |
• Urban | 3,679.9 km2 (1,420.8 sq mi) |
• Metro | 4,558.8 km2 (1,760.2 sq mi) |
• Downtown | 465.88 km2 (179.88 sq mi) |
Elevation | 500 m (1,600 ft) |
Highest elevation | 5,364 m (17,598 ft) |
Lowest elevation | 378 m (1,240 ft) |
Population (2020 census)[3] | |
• Prefecture-level and sub-provincial city | 20,937,757 |
• Density | 1,500/km2 (3,800/sq mi) |
• Urban | 15,419,445 |
• Urban density | 4,200/km2 (11,000/sq mi) |
• Metro | 16,045,577 |
• Metro density | 3,500/km2 (9,100/sq mi) |
• Major Ethnic group | Han |
GDP[4] | |
• Prefecture-level & sub-provincial city | CN¥ 2.207 trillion US$ 325 billion |
• Per capita | CN¥ 103,500 US$ 15,250 |
Time zone | UTC+08:00 (China Standard) |
Postal code | 610000–611944 |
Area code | (0)28 |
ISO 3166 code | CN-SC-01 |
License Plate Prefix | 川A and 川G |
Tree | Ginkgo biloba |
Flower | Hibiscus mutabilis |
HDI (2015) | 0.791[5] (21st) – high |
Website | Chengdu.gov.cn |
Chengdu | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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![]() "Chengdu" in Chinese characters. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 成都 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hanyu Pinyin | Chéngdū | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Postal | Chengtu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Literal meaning | "The Established Capital City" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Former name | |||||||||||||||||||
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Xījīng | |||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 西京 | ||||||||||||||||||
Literal meaning | Western Capital | ||||||||||||||||||
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Nicknames | |||||||||||||||||
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City of Brocade | |||||||||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 錦城 | ||||||||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 锦城 | ||||||||||||||||
Literal meaning | Brocade City | ||||||||||||||||
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City of Hibiscus | |||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 蓉城 | ||||||||||||||||
Literal meaning | Hibiscus City | ||||||||||||||||
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Chengdu[a] is the capital city of the Chinese province of Sichuan. With a population of 20,937,757 at the 2020 census,[6] it is the fourth most populous city in China, and it is the only city with a population of over 20 million apart from direct-administered municipalities. It is traditionally the hub of Western China.
Chengdu is in central Sichuan. The surrounding Chengdu Plain is known as the "Country of Heaven"[b] and the "Land of Abundance." Its prehistoric settlers included the Sanxingdui culture. The site of Dujiangyan, an ancient irrigation system, is designated as a World Heritage Site.[7] The Jin River flows through the city. Chengdu's culture largely reflects that of its province, Sichuan; in 2011, it was recognized by UNESCO as a city of gastronomy.[8] It is associated with the giant panda, a Chinese national symbol, which inhabits the area of Sichuan; the city is home to the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding.
Founded by the Kingdom of Shu in 4th century BC, Chengdu is unique as the only major Chinese settlement that has maintained its name unchanged throughout the imperial, republican, and communist eras for more than two thousand years. It was the capital of Liu Bei's Shu Han Empire during the Three Kingdoms Era, as well as several other local kingdoms during the Middle Ages.[9] During World War II, refugees from eastern China fleeing from the Japanese settled in Chengdu. After the war, Chengdu was briefly the capital of the Nationalist republican government until it withdrew to Taipei on the island of Taiwan. Under the PRC, Chengdu's importance as a link between Eastern China and Western China expanded, with railways built to Chongqing in 1952, and Kunming and Tibet afterward.[9] In the 1960s, Chengdu became an important defense industry hub.
Chengdu is now one of the most important economic, financial, commercial, cultural, transportation, research and communication centers in China. Its economy is diverse, characterized by the machinery, automobile, medicine, food, and information technology industries. Chengdu is a leading financial hub, ranking 35th globally the 2021 Global Financial Centres Index.[10] Chengdu also hosts many international companies; more than 300 Fortune 500 companies have established branches in Chengdu.[11] Chengdu is the third Chinese city with two international airports after Beijing and Shanghai.[12] Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport, and the newly built Tianfu International Airport, a hub of Air China and Sichuan Airlines, is one of the 30 busiest airports in the world, and the Chengdu railway station is one of the six biggest in China. Chengdu is considered a "Beta + (global second-tier)" city classification (together with Barcelona and Washington, D.C.) according to the GaWC.[13] As of 2023, the city also hosts 23 foreign consulates, the fourth most in China behind Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou.[14] Chengdu is the seat of the Western Theater Command region of the People's Liberation Army.[15] In 2023, Chengdu became the third Chinese city to host the 31st FISU Summer World University Games, after Beijing 2001 and Shenzhen 2011. Chengdu will also host the 2025 World Games. It is considered one of the best cities in China to live.[16][17] It is also a national central city of China.[18]
Chengdu is one of the world's top 25 cities by scientific research output,[19] and home to the greatest number of universities and research institutes in Western China, notably Sichuan University, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu University of Technology, Sichuan Normal University, and Xihua University.[20]
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