Chovot HaLevavot

Chovot HaLevavot or The Duties of the Hearts (Arabic: كتاب الهداية إلى فرائض القلوب, romanized: Kitāb al-Hidāyat ilá Farāʾiḍ al-Qulūb; Hebrew: חובות הלבבות, romanized: Ḥoḇāḇoṯ hal-Leḇāḇoṯ), is the primary work of the Jewish scholar Bahya ibn Paquda, full name Bahya ben Joseph ibn Pakuda, a rabbi believed to have lived in the Taifa of Zaragoza in al-Andalus in the eleventh century.^[1]

It was written in Judeo-Arabic in the Hebrew alphabet circa 1080^[2] under the title Book of Direction to the Duties of the Heart (كتاب الهداية إلى فرائض القلوب), sometimes titled Guide to the Duties of the Heart, and translated into Hebrew by Judah ben Saul ibn Tibbon during 1161–80 under the title Torat Chovot HaLevavot. There was another contemporary translation by Joseph Kimhi but its complete text did not endure the test of time.^[1] In 1973, Yosef Qafih published his Hebrew translation from the original Arabic, the latter appearing aside his Hebrew translation.