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| Atonement in Christianity |
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Theories
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Ransom (Patristic) |
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Christus Victor (20th century) |
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Recapitulation
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Satisfaction (Scholastic / Anselmian) |
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Penal substitution (Scholastic / Reformed / Arminian) |
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Governmental
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Moral influence (Mixed) |
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Moral example (Socinian) |
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Types |
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Limited (Scholastic / Reformed) |
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Unlimited (E. Orthodox / Catholic / Arminian) |
Christus Victor is a book by Gustaf Aulén published in English in 1931, presenting a study of theories of atonement in Christianity. The original Swedish title is Den kristna försoningstanken ("The Christian Idea of the Atonement") published in 1930.[1] Aulén reinterpreted the classic ransom theory of atonement, which says that Christ's death is a ransom to the powers of evil, which had held humankind in their dominion.[2] It is a model of the atonement that is dated to the Church Fathers,[3] and it was the dominant theory of atonement for a thousand years, until Anselm of Canterbury supplanted it in the West with his satisfaction theory of atonement.[3]
Aulén interpreted the ransom theory as a "victory over the powers which hold mankind in bondage: sin, death, and the devil."[4] According to Pugh, "Ever since [Aulén's] time, we call these patristic ideas the Christus Victor way of seeing the cross."[5] It is sometimes known as the fishhook theory of atonement, since Church Fathers such as Cyril of Alexandria and Gregory of Nyssa envisioned Christ as bait on a fishhook, luring Satan to take the bait and destroy himself.[6][7]
- ^ Aulén 1969.
- ^ Leon Morris, 'Theories of the Atonement' in Elwell Evangelical Dictionary.
- ^ a b H. N. Oxenham, The Catholic doctrine of the atonement (London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green, 1865), p. xliv,114
- ^ Aulén 1969, p. 20.
- ^ Pugh 2015, p. 1.
- ^ Schapiro, Meyer (1945). ""Muscipula Diaboli," The Symbolism of the Mérode Altarpiece". The Art Bulletin. 27 (3): 182–187. doi:10.2307/3047011. JSTOR 3047011. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
- ^ Estes, Liz (2017). "Reincorporating Christus Victor in the Reformed Theology of Atonement". Reformed Journal. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
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